弗洛姆逃避自由理论和柏林两种自由理论之分析与比较

发布时间：2018-11-07 07:17

【摘要】：本文就弗洛姆和柏林的自由理论分别进行了进行解读和分析。其中从自由是个心理学问题，人性与社会的两种适应关系，自由对人的双重影响、宗教改革和当代的自由、逃避自由的心理机制以及如何克服消极意义上的自由等多个方面解读了弗洛姆的自由思想。弗洛姆认为现代的我们比任何时候的人都需要自由,然而却没有享受到真正的自由,相反却是逃避自由。造成这个结果的原因主要是由社会和人心理双重压力所致。一方面，人越来越独立自由，越来越富有批判精神。同时，越来越孤立、孤独、微不足道、无能为力。另一方面,逃避孤独、是人性中固有的因素。弗洛姆认为逃避自由的主要机制就是权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同。同时他也区分了消极自由与积极自由。本文对柏林的分析是从积极自由和消极自由、自我实现、多元论思想等进行的，伯林区分了消极自由和积极自由，认为“消极自由”为个人行动不受他人干涉的区域;“积极自由”意味着个人的生活和选择是由自己而不是任何异己的因素所决定。他极力推崇消极自由。但伯林的消极自由观也蕴含了内在的危机。同时文章也对两者的自由理论进行比较。他们都认为自由分为积极和消极自由。更多的是不同点，本文主要从他们对两种自由概念的理解、两种自由的侧重点，以及达到自由的途径不同，，理论贡献和缺陷等四个方面进行分析。
[Abstract]:This paper interprets and analyzes Fromm's and Berlin's theory of freedom. Among them, freedom is a psychological problem, the relationship between human nature and society, the dual influence of freedom on human beings, religious reform and contemporary freedom. The psychological mechanism of escaping freedom and how to overcome the negative sense of freedom are interpreted by Fromm. Fromm believes that modern people need freedom more than ever, but instead of enjoying real freedom, they escape it. This result is mainly caused by social and psychological pressure. On the one hand, people are becoming more and more independent and free, more and more full of critical spirit. At the same time, more and more isolated, lonely, insignificant, powerless. On the other hand, escaping loneliness is an inherent factor in human nature. Fromm believed that the main mechanism for escaping freedom was authoritarianism, destructive desire and mechanical convergence. At the same time, he also distinguished between negative freedom and positive freedom. This article analyzes Berlin from positive freedom and negative freedom, self-actualization, pluralism thought, etc. Berlin distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom, and thinks that "negative freedom" is a region where individual actions are not interfered with by others. Positive freedom means that one's life and choices are determined by oneself and not by any dissent. He is a great admirer of negative freedom. But Berlin's negative view of freedom also contains an inherent crisis. At the same time, the article also compares the two theories of freedom. They all agree that freedom is divided into positive and negative freedoms. There are more differences, this paper mainly from their understanding of the two concepts of freedom, the focus of the two freedoms, as well as the way to achieve freedom, theoretical contributions and defects are four aspects of the analysis.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091

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