吉登斯的意识形态思想研究

发布时间：2019-01-12 10:05

【摘要】：安东尼·吉登斯被称为至孔德、斯宾塞以来英国本土最著名的社会学家和政治思想家,同时也是享誉全球的重要的思想家之一。吉登斯从开始进入中国学者的视野,到研究的兴盛再到如今似有“明日黄花”的局面下,是否还有研究其思想的价值和意义?本文经过研究其意识形态思想,认为其思想仍然具有自身的独特魅力。其独特性分别体现在:作为其分析意识形态的方法论——结构化理论,是后传统社会中出现的一种新型的意识形态;吉登斯是较早倡导研究时间和空间的社会学者。在他看来,时间与空间已经成为全球化时代下资本主义意识形态整合的隐蔽方式。文章共分为五章。第一章在梳理国内外文献基础上,提出研究吉登斯意识形态思想的两条线索:明线索以及暗线索。明线索是其政治立场并没有如理论立场那样“模糊”或“中立”,而是明确地提出“中间偏左”的政治意识形态。暗线索是指吉登斯在书中论述和分析问题时十分强调个人和社会的反思性,但没有系统分析反思性的问题。第二章是文章的重点章节。吉登斯运用结构化方法论,深刻反思了以往对意识形态等问题的研究上的偏颇。吉登斯反对结构主义和人本主义的意识形态的研究方法,进而对意识形态进行结构二重性的读。同时也分析了时间和空间的动力机制与意识形态的关系问题。在他看来,时间与空间已经不应是被看作社会问题研究的背景,它们分别已经从幕后走向台前,时间和空间的动力机制推动了意识形态在更为广大的领域的生产与再生产。第三章研究了吉登斯的意识形态的社会时代背景,即文中所称的“后传统社会”。“后传统社会”的概念是分析吉登斯整体思想转折的重要枢纽,也是他研究结构化理论与现实问题结合的桥梁。吉登斯继而分析民族主义、激进意识形态以及第三条道路等意识形态的具体形式。第四章立足于马克思主义的观点,从精神、暴力、经济三个层面来评价吉登斯的意识形态。因为个人和社会具有反思性,似乎能够说明其对意识形态的消解作用,但是从某种程度上来看,更能证明意识形态在背后起作用;意识形态与暴力相互补充,共同维护社会稳定,但是主流的意识形态它本身隐藏着暴力因素;意识形态的科学性不在于意识形态的批判,而在于经济基础的动态决定作用。第五章是为结论。笔者积极评价了其意识形态思想的独特性。他并非让意识形态的研究奠基于流沙之上,而是时刻处于风险之中,这促使我们更加深入思考意识形态与实践方式的平衡。同时也指出了吉登斯的意识形态中更为隐蔽的保守性。吉登斯认为意识形态的生产与再生产具有循环往复的特征,建立在反思性基础上的个体行动只是适应社会而不敢改造社会,从而在根本上为维护现状提供了依据。
[Abstract]:Anthony Giddens is known as Conde, the most famous sociologist and political thinker in England since Spencer, and one of the most famous thinkers all over the world. From the beginning of Giddens' entry into the field of vision of Chinese scholars, to the prosperity of research and now seems to have the situation of "the past and the past", is there any value and significance of the study of his thoughts? After studying its ideology, this paper thinks that it still has its own unique charm. Its uniqueness is reflected in: as the methodology of ideology analysis, the structured theory is a new ideology in the post-traditional society, and Giddens is a social scholar who advocated the study of time and space earlier. In his view, time and space have become the covert ways of the integration of capitalist ideology in the era of globalization. The article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, on the basis of combing domestic and foreign literature, puts forward two clues to the study of Giddens' ideology: bright clue and dark clue. The clear clue is that its political position is not as vague or neutral as the theoretical position, but it clearly puts forward the political ideology of "centre-left". Hidden clue refers to the reflection of individual and society when Giddens discusses and analyzes the problem in his book, but there is no systematic analysis of the reflective problem. The second chapter is the key chapter of the article. Using structured methodology, Giddens deeply reflects on the bias of previous researches on ideology and other issues. Giddens opposes the research methods of structuralism and humanism, and reads the duality of ideology. At the same time, it also analyzes the relationship between the dynamic mechanism of time and space and ideology. In his opinion, time and space should no longer be regarded as the background of social research. They have moved from behind the scenes to the front stage, and the dynamic mechanism of time and space has promoted the production and reproduction of ideology in a wide range of fields. The third chapter studies the social background of Giddens' ideology, that is, the post-traditional society. The concept of "post-traditional society" is an important pivot to analyze the turning point of Giddens' whole thought, and it is also a bridge for his research on the combination of structural theory and practical problems. Giddens went on to analyze the concrete forms of nationalism, radical ideology, and the third way. Chapter four evaluates Giddens' ideology from three aspects of spirit, violence and economy. Because the individual and the society have the reflective nature, seems to be able to explain its to the ideology dispelling function, but from the certain degree, can prove the ideology to play the role in the behind; Ideology and violence complement each other to maintain social stability, but the mainstream ideology itself hides violent factors. The scientific nature of ideology lies not in the criticism of ideology, but in the dynamic determinant role of economic basis. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. The author positively appraised the uniqueness of his ideological thought. He does not base the study of ideology on quicksand, but is always at risk, which urges us to think more deeply about the balance between ideology and practice. It also points out the more covert conservatism in Giddens' ideology. Giddens believes that the production and reproduction of ideology have the characteristics of circulation and reciprocation, and individual actions based on reflection only adapt to the society but dare not transform the society, thus providing the basis for the maintenance of the present situation.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091

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