新视角:资本主义起源再探讨

发布时间：2019-01-14 07:56

【摘要】：资本主义起源的问题在国内外史坛都是一个经久不衰的话题。在国内,20世纪五六十年代就开始了资本主义萌芽问题的讨论。对于资本主义的理解,人们通常更容易接受经济与物质层面的解释,经济层面又总是归于工商业和商品化以及资金、资源、技术等。本文认为这是一种世界范围的工具主义、物质至上的思潮。农民个体经济的普遍发展和普遍积累,是西欧早期市场经济的基础,是资本主义经济的温床;而西欧生产效率为何取得突破的问题又势必延伸至非经济领域。农业人均生产效率的突破取决于佃农权益的有效保护,最终有赖于当时社会的人文政治环境以及广泛的社会共识。资本主义既是经济的、法律的、政治的,也是思想观念的,其中孕育于西欧中世纪的"主体权利"是一个核心价值观念,是研究资本主义起源的新思路之一。
[Abstract]:The origin of capitalism is an enduring topic in the world of history at home and abroad. At home, the debate on the budding of capitalism began in the 1950s and 1960s. The understanding of capitalism is generally more receptive to economic and material explanations, which are always attributed to business and commercialization, as well as capital, resources, technology, and so on. This article holds that this is a world-wide instrumentalism, material-oriented trend of thought. The general development and accumulation of farmers' individual economy is the foundation of the early market economy in Western Europe and the hotbed of capitalist economy, and the question of why the production efficiency of Western Europe has made a breakthrough is bound to extend to the non-economic field. The breakthrough of per capita production efficiency in agriculture depends on the effective protection of the rights and interests of tenants, and ultimately depends on the humanistic and political environment of the society at that time and the broad social consensus. Capitalism is not only economic, legal, political, but also ideological, among which the "subject right", which was conceived in the Middle Ages in Western Europe, is a core value and one of the new ideas to study the origin of capitalism.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：天津市教委重大项目(024ZD024)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D091.5

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