试析马克思的国家理论及其当代意义

发布时间：2019-03-07 21:47

【摘要】：随着进入21世纪的脚步,世界社会开始了新的一轮的探索和研究,民族国家逐步的成为了国际社会科学的焦点之一,这也是由于人们的政治依靠的那个基本的民族国家所遭遇的严峻挑战的时刻,由于世界上多个国家遭遇着这样那样的不同事件,比如美国的“9-11”、利比亚政变等,逐步的引发了人们对国家关系的愈加关注,使得对国家那种抽象的,浮夸式的关怀进而转变成为一种比较现实的、有针对性的关怀。重新认识理解国家的需求必将要求我们将现实的国家经验和理论上的国家关怀结合起来。在历史上的诸多国家理论探索中,马克思主义创始人创立的国家理论对当时乃至现时代的国家都产生着巨大的、重要的影响,毫无疑问,这将成为我们在新时期追寻和研究的又一重要理论课题。本文从研究和探讨马克思国家理论的历史背景入手,结合马克思的诸多著作以及后人对马克思国家理论体系的评价和分析,展现了一个“马克思国家理论”从无到有,从萌芽到成熟的过程。深入的分析了马克思国家理论的内在本质,逻辑发展,以及其在当代的影响。本文简单的分为四部分: 第一部分是马克思国家理论形成的时代背景。主要介绍了(1)马克思国家理论的萌芽阶段,以及逐步到成熟的过程。从马克思在《莱茵报》当主编期间,细致的挖掘这个阶段,马克思对国家理论的初步思想,再到对黑格尔《法哲学》的批判,进而使得自己的国家理论走向了成熟,并且此后不断完善。(2)马克思国家理论形成的主要理论基础。在马克思研究了黑格尔的国家理论之后,他发现黑格尔的国家、市民社会理论体系的错误之处。并且发现这样的本质不同是由于黑格尔颠倒了这两者的关系,使得他本身的体系成为了一种错误的理论。马克思在黑格尔的国家理论体系上进行改良,并且超越黑格尔的国家理论,形成了自己的比较完善的理论,同时也揭示了国家的本质。第二部分为马克思国家理论的基本内容。这部分分为三小节:(1)第一小节为国家的本质和消亡理论。马克思将他的国家理论和具体实践相结合,在黑格尔的基础上得出了科学的国家的本质定义。并且,他也清楚的意识到,正像是国家必将出现在历史的长河中一样,它也必将消失在岁月的长河之中,国家不能永恒。(2)第二小节介绍了国家的职能。无论是否谈及马克思的国家理论还是之前的国家著作,都无法避免的要论述一下国家的职能。一般来说,国家职能可分为,“政治统治职能”和“社会事务管理职能”。文中都做了比较和分析。(3)第三小节是国家和市民社会关系的论述。马克思的国家理论可以说仍然是受到黑格尔的国家理论的影响的。他的理论的形成也正是得益于其对黑格尔的市民和社会关系的研究。研究这个题目是我们了解马克思国家理论的必经之路。第三部分论述了马克思国家理论的基本特征。这部分分别从马克思国家理论的批判的彻底性、实践基础上的科学性和革命性、存在的必然性和消亡性三个方面来说明马克思国家理论的特征。突出表现了,马克思国家理论与以往,还有同时代的国家理论的不同之处。也表明了作为一个唯物史观的学者,他用自身的理论和实践揭示了他对这个时代哲学的理解。第四部分是浅析了一下马克思国家理论的当代意义。马克思国家理论的职能在当代的理论意义和影响,还有在全球化的今天,马克思国家理论与各民族国家的国家,对民族国家的影响和帮助。总之,现时代研究马克思国家理论的真正意义在于,认识马克思国家理论的内容、特征和本质,结合新的历史条件,伴随着全球化的发展。将马克思国家理论更好的传承,发扬下去。使得马克思国家理论在拥有了现时代的时代精神以后,能够更好的为这个时代服务,同时也不断的完善自身,成为一种与时俱进的理论,成为一种服务于民的,服务于国的理论。
[Abstract]:With the development of the 21st century, the world community has begun a new round of exploration and research, and the national state has gradually become one of the focal points of the international social science, and it is also the time of the severe challenge of the basic national country, As many countries in the world suffer from such different events, such as the "9-11" of the United States, the coup in Libya, and so on, the more and more attention has been given to the relationship of the State, which makes it more realistic for the abstract, Targeted care. Re-understanding the needs of the country will surely require us to combine the real national experience and the national concern of the theory. In the exploration of many countries in history, the national theory of the founding of the founder of Marxism has a great and important influence on the countries of the present and the present times, and there is no doubt that this will be another important theoretical subject for us to pursue and study in the new period. Based on the research and discussion of the historical background of Marx's national theory, this paper, combining with the many works of Marx and the evaluation and analysis of the theoretical system of Marx's country, shows that a "Marx's national theory" has never arrived, from the beginning to the maturity. In-depth analysis of the intrinsic essence, logical development of Marx's national theory and its shadow in the present day In response to this, this paper is divided into two parts: Part four: The first part is the formation of Marx's national theory This paper mainly introduces (1) the bud stage of Marx's national theory, and the step-by-step approach The process of maturity. From Marx in the period of the editor-in-chief, the careful excavation of this stage, the initial thought of Marx's theory of the state, and the criticism of Hegel's philosophy of law, thus making his own country theory mature, and continuous improvement. (2) The main form of Marx's national theory On the basis of theory, after Marx's study of Hegel's national theory, he found Hegel's national and civil society theoretical system The difference between the two is that Hegel reversed the relationship of the two, making his own system a kind of one. The theory of error. Marx's improvement in Hegel's national theoretical system, and transcended Hegel's national theory, formed his own more perfect theory, and also revealed The essence of the country. The second part is the country of Marx The basic content of the theory. This part is divided into three sections: (1) the first section is the country The theory of nature and death. Marx combined his country theory with concrete practice, and got the science on the basis of Hegel. The nature of the country is defined. And he is also aware of the fact that, as the country is bound to appear in the long river of history, it will disappear in the long river of the years. the country is not eternal. (2) The second section The function of the country, whether it comes to Marx's national theory or the previous national work, can't be avoided. The function of a country. In general, national functions can be divided into, "the function of political rule" and

Social Affair Management Function ". All of these A comparison and analysis is made. (3) The third section is the state and the public The discussion of social relations. Marx's national theory can be said to be still subject to Hegel's state The influence of the theory of the family. The formation of his theory is also the benefit of the public and the Hegel's citizens. The study of social relations. The study of this subject is that we know the country of Marx The inevitable path of the theory. The third part discusses Marx. The basic characteristics of the national theory are described in this part from the thoroughness of the criticism of Marx's national theory, the scientific and revolutionary nature of the practice, the necessity and the extinction of the existence. The characteristic of the theory of the national theory. It is outstanding. Marx's national theory is in the same age as in the past. The difference in the theory of the state also shows that as a scholar of historical materialism, he reveals himself with his own theory and practice. The fourth part is the analysis of the horse. The contemporary significance of the theory of the national theory. The function of Marx's national theory is in theory and influence of the present day, and in the present day of globalization, the national theory of Marx and the country of all the nation states, In short, the real meaning of Marx's national theory in the present age is to know the content, characteristics and essence of Marx's national theory and to combine with the new calendar The condition of history is accompanied by the development of globalization. The theory of Marx's national theory, after having the time spirit of the present time, can better serve the times and perfect itself, become a theory of keeping pace with the times, and become a kind of theory that times with the times
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A811;D03

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