马克思民主思想及其现代反思
发布时间：2019-03-11 07:33
【摘要】：马克思民主思想是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分,也是马克思政治理论的核心思想。本文在考察马克思民主思想主要理论来源的基础上,系统梳理其思想的形成发展过程,并结合国内外的实际状况,对其思想进行了深刻的认识。 本论文共分三部分。绪论部分是研究的理论准备,阐述了马克思民主思想的相关问题,论述了研究的意义、现状、方法和创新点等。论文的开篇阐述了马克思民主思想的主要理论来源,追溯了卢梭的人民主权思想；黑格尔的市民社会与国家关系思想；托克维尔的社会制约权力思想以及空想社会主义的民主思想等内容,可见马克思是在批判继承前人丰富理论成果的基础上构建自己民主思想的。 随后,论文系统梳理了马克思民主思想的形成发展过程。以时问为线索,以文本为依托,将马克思民主思想的形成发展过程划分为三个阶段,即革命民主主义者阶段的民主思想、共产主义者阶段的民主思想以及马克思晚年对真正主制的论述三个时期。前两个时期的划分是以《德意志意识形态》一文的发表为标志的,由此马克思实现了从革命民主主义者向共产主义者的转变。马克思早期的民主思想是通过述诸于具体问题来表达的,这其中涉及到出版自由、平等议政、人民主权、政治民主与社会民主以及公有制与民主等问题。在马克思成熟期的民主思想中,充分论述民主与专政的关系,形成了一整套无产阶级民主思想体系。马克思晚年时期,在批判资本主义民主虚伪性的基础上,论述了实现真正民主制的具体措施,包括了议行合一制、普选制、社会自治、民主监督以及廉洁政府和廉价政府等方面。 论文的最后是对马克思民主思想进行现代反思。马克思民主思想作为一种预设性的民主思想,在其实践的过程中也遇到了许多的问题,结合在过度集权制下畸形的民主现实,对我国的民主政治建设起到警示作用,要求我国在对待民主问题方面,合理吸收马克思民主思想为我所用,并结合我国民主政治建设过程中的具体实际有所创新,真正做到面对现实、解决问题,使我国的民主集中制得到更长远的发展和完善。
[Abstract]:Marx's democratic thought is not only an important part of Marxist theory, but also the core thought of Marx's political theory. On the basis of investigating the main theoretical sources of Marx's democratic thought, this paper systematically combs the formation and development process of its thought, and combines with the actual situation at home and abroad, makes a profound understanding of its thought. This paper is divided into three parts. The introduction is the theoretical preparation of the study, expounds the related issues of Marx's democratic thought, and discusses the significance, present situation, methods and innovation of the study. At the beginning of the thesis, the author expounds the main theoretical sources of Marx's thought of democracy, traces back to Rousseau's thought of people's sovereignty, Hegel's thought on the relationship between civil society and the state, and so on. The contents of Tocqueville's thought of restricting power in society and the democratic thought of utopian socialism can be seen that Marx constructed his own democratic thought on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the rich theoretical achievements of his predecessors. Subsequently, the paper systematically combs the formation and development process of Marx's democratic thought. With the clue of time and text, the forming and developing process of Marx's democratic thought is divided into three stages, that is, the democratic thought of revolutionary democratic stage. The democratic thought of the communist stage and Marx's exposition of the real dominant system in his later years. The division of the first two periods was marked by the publication of German ideology, from which Marx realized the transformation from revolutionary Democrats to communists. Marx's early democratic thoughts were expressed by addressing specific issues, including freedom of the press, equality in government, people's sovereignty, political democracy and social democracy, as well as public ownership and democracy. In Marx's mature democratic thought, the relationship between democracy and dictatorship was fully discussed, and a set of proletarian democratic thought system was formed. In his later years, on the basis of criticizing the hypocrisy of capitalist democracy, Marx discussed the concrete measures to realize the real democracy, including the unified system of negotiation and execution, the universal system of election, and the social autonomy. Democratic supervision and clean government and cheap government and so on. The last part of this paper is a modern reflection on Marx's democratic thought. Marx's democratic thought, as a kind of presupposition democratic thought, also encountered many problems in the process of its practice. Combined with the abnormal democratic reality under the excessive centralization system, Marx's democratic thought played a warning role in the construction of democratic politics in our country. China is required to reasonably absorb Marx's democratic ideas for our own use in the treatment of democratic issues, and to make innovations in the process of democratic political construction in China, so as to truly face the reality and solve the problems. The democratic centralism of our country gets more long-term development and consummation.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2438082
[Abstract]:Marx's democratic thought is not only an important part of Marxist theory, but also the core thought of Marx's political theory. On the basis of investigating the main theoretical sources of Marx's democratic thought, this paper systematically combs the formation and development process of its thought, and combines with the actual situation at home and abroad, makes a profound understanding of its thought. This paper is divided into three parts. The introduction is the theoretical preparation of the study, expounds the related issues of Marx's democratic thought, and discusses the significance, present situation, methods and innovation of the study. At the beginning of the thesis, the author expounds the main theoretical sources of Marx's thought of democracy, traces back to Rousseau's thought of people's sovereignty, Hegel's thought on the relationship between civil society and the state, and so on. The contents of Tocqueville's thought of restricting power in society and the democratic thought of utopian socialism can be seen that Marx constructed his own democratic thought on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the rich theoretical achievements of his predecessors. Subsequently, the paper systematically combs the formation and development process of Marx's democratic thought. With the clue of time and text, the forming and developing process of Marx's democratic thought is divided into three stages, that is, the democratic thought of revolutionary democratic stage. The democratic thought of the communist stage and Marx's exposition of the real dominant system in his later years. The division of the first two periods was marked by the publication of German ideology, from which Marx realized the transformation from revolutionary Democrats to communists. Marx's early democratic thoughts were expressed by addressing specific issues, including freedom of the press, equality in government, people's sovereignty, political democracy and social democracy, as well as public ownership and democracy. In Marx's mature democratic thought, the relationship between democracy and dictatorship was fully discussed, and a set of proletarian democratic thought system was formed. In his later years, on the basis of criticizing the hypocrisy of capitalist democracy, Marx discussed the concrete measures to realize the real democracy, including the unified system of negotiation and execution, the universal system of election, and the social autonomy. Democratic supervision and clean government and cheap government and so on. The last part of this paper is a modern reflection on Marx's democratic thought. Marx's democratic thought, as a kind of presupposition democratic thought, also encountered many problems in the process of its practice. Combined with the abnormal democratic reality under the excessive centralization system, Marx's democratic thought played a warning role in the construction of democratic politics in our country. China is required to reasonably absorb Marx's democratic ideas for our own use in the treatment of democratic issues, and to make innovations in the process of democratic political construction in China, so as to truly face the reality and solve the problems. The democratic centralism of our country gets more long-term development and consummation.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D091
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