公务员基本德性研究
发布时间：2019-05-16 22:24
【摘要】：公务员德性研究与公务员制度的发展是紧密联系在一起的。公务员制度最早产生于英国,1870年,英国建立了世界上最完整、最规范、最系统的文官制度,后被许多国家效仿,逐步形成公务员制度。我国的公务员制度开始于20世纪80年代,经过逐步探索、试点,于1993年,正式颁布《国家公务员暂行条例》,公务员制度全面实行。公务员制度产生以后,对公务员德性的研究就成为人们讨论的重点问题之一。 本文在以往研究成果的基础上,认为在市场经济、民主政治等社会条件下,公务员的基本德性有公正、忠诚、勇气、节制、责任等。公正作为德性要求人们不仅要以德待己,而且要以德待人。而公务员具有公正德性,关键在于以公正的品德,确保公正地执行公务,这样才会有助于社会制度公正的实现。因此,公正德性是公务员的首要德性,也是他们能否执行好公务的首要条件。忠诚作为公务员的基本德性之一,一方面继承和发展了传统忠诚思想的精髓,另一方面对其进行扬弃和升华。忠诚德性要求公务员在行使公共权力、管理公共事务的活动中,忠诚于公共利益、国家法律、行政职责和行政良知。公务员忠诚德性离不开公务员的自主性。勇气德性是对忠诚的补充,也是忠诚的另外一种表现形式,但勇气的关键在于创新,无论是执行政策还是制定政策,都要有执政为民的创新精神与魄力。节制德性是公务员对所掌握的权力、金钱等欲望的约束。拥有节制德性,就会公正而不偏私,忠诚而不盲从,勇敢而不鲁莽,有追求而不放纵,从而正确地行使公共权力、管理公共事务,不懈地追求增进公共利益的目标。公正、忠诚、勇气和节制德性最终都离不开公务员的责任德性,责任贯穿于其中。只有当公务员有了这一德性,其他德性的拥有才是真实的;公务员如果缺失了对公共利益和公共事务的责任意识和责任心,那么在从事行政活动中就可能徇私舞弊、放纵自己,就可能背离组织、人民的利益,违背法律法规的精神。 最后,德性与德行是统一的。德性是人内在的道德品质,德行是外在的道德行为,德性和德行是一个问题的两个方面,两者是不可分割的。公务员德性来源于实践,是长期公共行政实践教化的结果;德性又回归于实践,内化为人格力量的德性,最终需要通过实践活动外化为道德行为。也就是说,公务员德性的获得不仅在于道德规范的内化,还包含着通过践履过程进一步外化为道德行为的重要环节。化外在规范为内在德性,与化德性为德行是相统一的,两者统一于同一自我的实现过程。公务员德性的获得表现出德性与德行合一的特点。
[Abstract]:The study of civil service virtue is closely related to the development of civil service system. The civil service system first came into being in the United Kingdom. In 1870, the United Kingdom established the most complete, standardized and systematic civil service system in the world, which was followed by many countries and gradually formed the civil service system. The civil service system of our country began in 1980s, after gradual exploration and pilot, in 1993, the interim regulations of National Civil servants were formally promulgated, and the civil service system was fully implemented. After the emergence of the civil service system, the study of the morality of civil servants has become one of the key issues discussed. On the basis of previous research results, this paper holds that under the social conditions of market economy, democratic politics and so on, the basic morality of civil servants is justice, loyalty, courage, moderation, responsibility and so on. Justice as virtue requires people not only to treat themselves with virtue, but also to treat others with virtue. The key to the fairness and virtue of civil servants lies in ensuring the just performance of their official duties with just character, which will contribute to the realization of justice in the social system. Therefore, just virtue is the first virtue of civil servants, and it is also the first condition for them to carry out their official duties. Loyalty, as one of the basic virtues of civil servants, inherits and develops the essence of traditional loyalty thought on the one hand, and sublimates it on the other hand. Loyalty virtue requires civil servants to be loyal to the public interest, national law, administrative responsibility and administrative conscience in the exercise of public power and the management of public affairs. The loyalty and virtue of civil servants can not be separated from the autonomy of civil servants. Courage virtue is not only a supplement to loyalty, but also another form of loyalty, but the key to courage lies in innovation. Whether it is to implement policies or formulate policies, it is necessary to have the innovative spirit and courage to govern for the people. Moderation of virtue is the restriction of civil servants on the power, money and other desires. With moderation of virtue, it will be just and not biased, loyal but not blind, brave but not reckless, pursuit but not indulgence, so as to correctly exercise public power, manage public affairs, and unremitting pursuit of the goal of promoting public interests. Justice, loyalty, courage and moderation are ultimately inseparable from the responsibility of civil servants, responsibility runs through it. Only when civil servants have this virtue, the possession of other virtues is real; If civil servants lack a sense of responsibility and responsibility for public interests and public affairs, then they may engage in administrative activities for personal gain and fraud, indulge themselves, may deviate from the interests of the organization, the people, and violate the spirit of laws and regulations. Finally, virtue and virtue are unified. Virtue is the inner moral quality of human beings, virtue is the external moral behavior, virtue and virtue are two aspects of the same problem, the two are inseparable. The virtue of civil servants comes from practice and is the result of the practice of public administration for a long time, and virtue returns to practice and becomes the virtue of personality force, and finally needs to be externalized into moral behavior through practical activities. That is to say, the acquisition of civil servants' virtue lies not only in the internalization of moral norms, but also in the important links of further externalization into moral behavior through the process of practice. The transformation of external norms into internal virtue is unified with the transformation of virtue into virtue, and the two are unified in the process of realizing the same self. The acquisition of civil servants' virtue shows the characteristics of the unity of virtue and virtue.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D035.2;B82-051
本文编号：2478593
[Abstract]:The study of civil service virtue is closely related to the development of civil service system. The civil service system first came into being in the United Kingdom. In 1870, the United Kingdom established the most complete, standardized and systematic civil service system in the world, which was followed by many countries and gradually formed the civil service system. The civil service system of our country began in 1980s, after gradual exploration and pilot, in 1993, the interim regulations of National Civil servants were formally promulgated, and the civil service system was fully implemented. After the emergence of the civil service system, the study of the morality of civil servants has become one of the key issues discussed. On the basis of previous research results, this paper holds that under the social conditions of market economy, democratic politics and so on, the basic morality of civil servants is justice, loyalty, courage, moderation, responsibility and so on. Justice as virtue requires people not only to treat themselves with virtue, but also to treat others with virtue. The key to the fairness and virtue of civil servants lies in ensuring the just performance of their official duties with just character, which will contribute to the realization of justice in the social system. Therefore, just virtue is the first virtue of civil servants, and it is also the first condition for them to carry out their official duties. Loyalty, as one of the basic virtues of civil servants, inherits and develops the essence of traditional loyalty thought on the one hand, and sublimates it on the other hand. Loyalty virtue requires civil servants to be loyal to the public interest, national law, administrative responsibility and administrative conscience in the exercise of public power and the management of public affairs. The loyalty and virtue of civil servants can not be separated from the autonomy of civil servants. Courage virtue is not only a supplement to loyalty, but also another form of loyalty, but the key to courage lies in innovation. Whether it is to implement policies or formulate policies, it is necessary to have the innovative spirit and courage to govern for the people. Moderation of virtue is the restriction of civil servants on the power, money and other desires. With moderation of virtue, it will be just and not biased, loyal but not blind, brave but not reckless, pursuit but not indulgence, so as to correctly exercise public power, manage public affairs, and unremitting pursuit of the goal of promoting public interests. Justice, loyalty, courage and moderation are ultimately inseparable from the responsibility of civil servants, responsibility runs through it. Only when civil servants have this virtue, the possession of other virtues is real; If civil servants lack a sense of responsibility and responsibility for public interests and public affairs, then they may engage in administrative activities for personal gain and fraud, indulge themselves, may deviate from the interests of the organization, the people, and violate the spirit of laws and regulations. Finally, virtue and virtue are unified. Virtue is the inner moral quality of human beings, virtue is the external moral behavior, virtue and virtue are two aspects of the same problem, the two are inseparable. The virtue of civil servants comes from practice and is the result of the practice of public administration for a long time, and virtue returns to practice and becomes the virtue of personality force, and finally needs to be externalized into moral behavior through practical activities. That is to say, the acquisition of civil servants' virtue lies not only in the internalization of moral norms, but also in the important links of further externalization into moral behavior through the process of practice. The transformation of external norms into internal virtue is unified with the transformation of virtue into virtue, and the two are unified in the process of realizing the same self. The acquisition of civil servants' virtue shows the characteristics of the unity of virtue and virtue.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D035.2;B82-051
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 马冰玉;;麦金太尔德性伦理思想研究[J];丝绸之路;2013年18期
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