科学的国家化进程:一种比较分析
发布时间：2019-06-28 19:34
【摘要】：科学的国家化进程分为自上而下和自下而上两种方式,以英国为代表的科学原发型国家采用的是自下而上的路径,法国和德国以自上而下为主,大多数国家则是两种方式相互补充,互相结合。相比于求知,致用是科学在国家层面完成制度化的关键动因,其中,战争和经济是科学的国家化进程快速发展的两个主要因素。根据世界各国的国家科学制度化的方式和特点可以将这些国家分为四种类型,其中两类国家依赖自然资源和工业基础成功实现赶超,而另外两类则还在摸索和发展之中。科学制度化在世界各国的完成均是将核心国家的科学体制、科学理念和文化在边缘国家进行本土化移植,科学制度化进程在不同国家呈现的状态相似度更高、包容性更强。由此,科学本身的概念也因国家层面制度化进程的推进从认知维度拓展到了社会维度。
[Abstract]:The process of nationalization of science is divided into top-down and bottom-up ways. The original scientific countries represented by the United Kingdom adopt the bottom-up path, France and Germany are mainly top-down, and most countries complement and combine with each other in two ways. Compared with the search for knowledge, application is the key reason for the institutionalization of science at the national level, in which war and economy are the two main factors for the rapid development of the process of nationalization of science. According to the ways and characteristics of national science institutionalization in the world, these countries can be divided into four types, two of which rely on natural resources and industrial foundation to catch up successfully, while the other two are still being explored and developed. The completion of scientific institutionalization in all countries in the world is to localize the scientific system, scientific ideas and culture of the core countries in the marginal countries. The state similarity and inclusiveness of the scientific institutionalization process in different countries are higher. As a result, the concept of science itself has been extended from the cognitive dimension to the social dimension because of the promotion of the institutionalization process at the national level.
【作者单位】： 北京化工大学文法学院;
【分类号】：D03
本文编号：2507557
[Abstract]:The process of nationalization of science is divided into top-down and bottom-up ways. The original scientific countries represented by the United Kingdom adopt the bottom-up path, France and Germany are mainly top-down, and most countries complement and combine with each other in two ways. Compared with the search for knowledge, application is the key reason for the institutionalization of science at the national level, in which war and economy are the two main factors for the rapid development of the process of nationalization of science. According to the ways and characteristics of national science institutionalization in the world, these countries can be divided into four types, two of which rely on natural resources and industrial foundation to catch up successfully, while the other two are still being explored and developed. The completion of scientific institutionalization in all countries in the world is to localize the scientific system, scientific ideas and culture of the core countries in the marginal countries. The state similarity and inclusiveness of the scientific institutionalization process in different countries are higher. As a result, the concept of science itself has been extended from the cognitive dimension to the social dimension because of the promotion of the institutionalization process at the national level.
【作者单位】： 北京化工大学文法学院;
【分类号】：D03
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