清代与民国时期小清河的治理方略及实施

发布时间：2018-01-15 22:27

本文关键词：清代与民国时期小清河的治理方略及实施　出处：《聊城大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小清河是山东省一条历史悠久的重要河道。它原为古济水下游残渠,自宋代开挖以来河道屡有变迁,直到清末才形成现在小清河的水道。它位于黄河南侧,全长237公里。起源于济南西郊的纳玉符河下游的睦里闸,汇集济南城市中心泉群,流经历城、章丘、邹平、高青、博兴,恒台、广饶、寿光等地,最后由寿光羊角沟流入渤海。小清河不仅是山东省的12条主要河道之一,也是山东省唯一的海陆联运内河河道,兼有排洪、除涝、灌溉、航运等多种功能。由于特殊的地理、水文环境,小清河水患不断。从明代始小清河就开始零星治理,历经清代、民国时期、新中国初期,直到今天小清河综合治理仍是山东省和济南市重点工程。在小清河治理长达四五百年的历史上,清代是一个的重要时期。清初和康乾年间,山东巡抚张鹏、桑格、李树德、徐绩先后进行了四次治理,这些治理活动多是局部的、区域性的治理,主要以防洪为主的疏浚工作为主。到清末光绪时期,游百川、陈士杰的小清河治理和盛宣怀的小清河治理,规模都比较大。特别是盛宣怀的小清河治理,在历史上第一次实现小清河的全流域贯通,也奠定了今天小清河的基本流势。迨至民国建立之后,先后成立小清河疏浚工程局和小清河工程局,水利专家李文田、李仪祉对小清河实地查勘工作,制定以发展航运为主要目的的小清河工程规划。所有这些利用现代水利的理念和科技方法所开展的小清河治理活动,在小清河治理历史上是一个重要的转变。尽管每一时期的小清河治理重点和策略并不相同,但小清河治理对于山东社会经济的发展至关重要,这也是小清河治理前后不断的主要原因。从清代和民国时期的实践来看,小清河治理中特别要注意的是系统综合治理,全面考虑影响小清河治理的多方面制约因素,以及科学应用现代水利知识和科技方法等。
[Abstract]:The Xiaoqing River in Shandong province is a long history. It was an important river gudz residual water downstream channel, since the Song Dynasty frequently change since the excavation of river, now until the end of the Qing Dynasty before the formation of the Xiaoqing River waterway. It is located in the south of the Yellow River, a total length of 237 kilometers. The Nayu originated in the western suburbs of Ji'nan River downstream of the Fu Mu Li gate together, the city center of Ji'nan springs, Zhangqiu, Zouping, through Licheng, Boxing, Gaoqing, Guangrao, Shouguang Taiwan constant, etc., by the end of Shouguang Yangjiaogou into Bohai. The Xiaoqing River is not only one of the 12 major rivers in Shandong Province, is the only sea land in Shandong province inland river transport, with the flood, drainage, irrigation, shipping and other functions. Because of the special geographical and hydrological environment of Xiaoqing River flood constantly. From before the Ming Dynasty began sporadic small Qinghe governance, after the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, the new China early, until today, the comprehensive management of small river in Shandong province is Heji South city key project. In the small Qinghe governance four hundred or five hundred years of history, the Qing Dynasty is an important period of the Qing Dynasty. And Kangxi years, Shandong governor Zhang Peng, Li Shude Sanger, Xu Ji has conducted four governance, these governance activities are local, regional governance, mainly in the main flood control the dredging work. By the end of the Qing Dynasty Guangxu period, swim rivers, small Qinghe governance Chen Shijie small Qinghe governance and Xuanhuai, larger scale. Especially the small Qinghe governance of Sheng Xuanhuai, the first time in history to achieve full penetration of the Xiaoqing River Basin, also laid the basic potential today Xiaoqing river. Not until the establishment of the Republic of China, has set up the Xiaoqing River Dredging Engineering Bureau and Xiaoqing River Engineering Bureau, water conservancy expert Li Wentian, Li Yizhi in Xiaoqing River field survey work, to formulate the development of shipping for the main purpose of the Xiaoqing River planning. All of these Carried out by the use of ideas and methods of science and technology in modern water conservancy of the Xiaoqing River governance activities, in the small Qinghe governance history is an important shift. Although the small Qinghe governance focus and strategy of each period is not the same, but the small Qinghe governance is vital for the development of social economy in Shandong, which is around the small Qinghe governance constantly the main reason. From the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China practice, small Qinghe governance special attention should be paid to the comprehensive management system, considering the various effects of small Qinghe governance factors comprehensively, and the application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods of modern water conservancy.

【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV85;K207

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