试论楚国历法的创新工作

发布时间：2018-05-20 20:44

本文选题：楚历 + 创新　；参考：《江汉论坛》2007年08期

【摘要】：历法是人们用来确定年、月、日,合理安排生产和生活的一种纪时法则。除了需要符合自然变化的客观规律以外,方便人们的使用应该是历法编制的基本宗旨。东周时期的楚国在自行编历的工作中,对纪年法、纪月法和正月的设置等都进行了既有别于商周、又有别于诸侯各国的改革创新。在纪年方法上,用与楚国有关的军事、外交方面的大事纪年,代替了以执政君主的在位年数纪年;在纪月方法上,用与楚人祭祀风俗有关的术语纪月,代替了数字纪月;在月建方面,采用了"三正"之外的亥月做为每年的正月。不过,由于这些创新举措的提出主要是从当时政治斗争的需要出发,而不是从民众生产和生活的实际需要出发,因而使用起来并不方便。随着政治形势的变化、楚国的灭亡,楚历的创新举措终因缺乏科学性、实用性而未能被秦汉以后的历代王朝所承袭。
[Abstract]:Calendar is used to determine the year, month, day, reasonable arrangement of production and life a chronological rule. In addition to the need to conform to the objective laws of natural change, convenient use of the calendar should be the basic purpose of compilation. In the work of compiling the calendar by the State of Chu in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the law of chronology, the law of the lunar calendar and the setting of the first month were all different from the reform and innovation of the Shang and Zhou dynasties as well as the countries of the princes. In the method of chronology, the years of military and diplomatic affairs related to Chu state are used to replace the years of reign of the ruling monarch, and in the method of discipline and moon, the term "Ji month" is replaced by the term "Ji month", which is related to the custom of offering sacrifices to the people of Chu. In the construction of the month, the "three Zheng" outside the month of 1911 as the first month of each year. However, because these innovative measures are mainly based on the needs of the political struggle at that time, rather than on the actual needs of people's production and life, it is not convenient to use them. With the change of political situation and the death of Chu, the innovative measures of Chu calendar were not inherited by the successive dynasties after Qin and Han dynasties because of their lack of science and practicality.
【作者单位】：湖北省社会科学院楚文化所
【分类号】：K203

【共引文献】