熔古铸今—“铸刑鼎”中的赵简子与孔子

发布时间：2018-06-17 06:28

本文选题：铸刑鼎 + 政治理念　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“铸刑鼎”作为中国法律史、思想史上的一大公案，围绕其产生的争议颇多，诸多论点集中于儒法之争、成文法颁布、社会控制论等方面，然而笔者在整理相关史料及历代学者观点时，发现赵简子与孔子针对“铸刑鼎”的分歧，主要是其各自所持的政治理念的不同。因此，笔者将从二者对旧贵族的态度及治国途径的改良抑或革命方面进行论述，分析其相应的历史背景、深层原因、内容，进而明辨二人不同的政治理念，并尝试探析其对中央集权制初步形成的推动作用。引言部分主要简单阐述了本篇论文的选题意义，第一部分主要是通过对赵简子“铸刑鼎”事件的史料记载，引出历代学者对该问题的研究论点的叙述，以及对当下学者的最新研究成果的概述，并在对以往观点的总结基础上，提出本文的写作思路与研究切入点。第二部分，首先对政治理念进行概念分析，然后分别就孔子与赵简子的政治理念的形成与表现进行分析，对孔子政治理念的形成从三点分析，，一是深受鲁国礼乐文化的熏陶，二是单亲母性的家庭教育对孔子性格的塑造，三是孔子形成“礼”与“仁”的思想文化体系，对其政治理念的影响。对赵简子政治理念的分析，从其政治生涯的三个事件进行分析，一是问礼于大夫，二是铸刑鼎于汝河之滨，三是与史墨“君臣无常位”的讨论。第三、四部分是文章的主体，以“铸刑鼎”事件为线索，分别就孔子与赵简子不同性质的政治理念进行具体的分析，主要从两个角度入手，一是对旧贵族的态度，二是对礼与法的运用。在对旧贵族态度的论述上，从“正名”、世官制、贵族政治民主性、礼制相对合理性上，对孔子的所持的态度与政治理念进行分析；从春秋晋国国内公室与异姓卿族的势力对比、晋国的地域文化，分析赵简子对公室旧贵族态度的缘由，并多角度分析赵简子铸刑鼎一事，分解读其中所蕴含的赵简子的政治理念。第五部分，对赵简子与孔子不同政治理念交锋引发的政治、思想领域的嬗变，做一简略探讨，从三个角度进行分析，一是由儒法之争到儒法合流的过渡，二是由分封制到郡县制的转变，三是选官制度由世官制到官僚制的变革。
[Abstract]:As a great public case in the history of Chinese law and ideological history, "casting criminal tripod" has produced a lot of controversies. Many arguments have been focused on the disputes of Confucianism and law, the promulgation of written law, the social cybernetics, and so on. However, the author finds that the differences between Zhao Jianzi and Confucius in regard to "casting the criminal tripod" are mainly due to the differences of their respective political ideas when sorting out the relevant historical data and the viewpoints of scholars in the past dynasties. Therefore, the author will discuss their attitudes towards the old aristocrats and the improvement or revolution of their ways of governing the country, analyze their corresponding historical background, deep causes, contents, and then distinguish their different political ideas. And try to explore its role in promoting the formation of centralization. The first part is mainly about the historical records of Zhao Jianzi's "casting the criminal tripod", which leads to the narration of the research arguments of the scholars in the past dynasties. On the basis of summing up the previous viewpoints, this paper puts forward the writing ideas and research breakthrough points. In the second part, firstly, the concept of political idea is analyzed, and then the formation and expression of the political idea of Confucius and Zhao Jianzi are analyzed respectively, and the formation of the political idea of Confucius is analyzed from three aspects, one is deeply influenced by the culture of rites and music in the State of Lu. The second is the shaping of Confucius' character by single parent family education, and the third is the influence of Confucius' ideological and cultural system of "propriety" and "benevolence" on his political idea. The analysis of Zhao Jianzi's political idea is based on the three events of his political career, one is to ask the doctor, the other is to cast the criminal tripod on the banks of the Ruhe River, and the third is to discuss with Shi Mo "the impermanent position of monarch and minister". The third and fourth parts are the main body of the article. Taking the incident of "casting the criminal tripod" as the clue, this paper makes a specific analysis of the different nature of the political ideas of Confucius and Zhao Jianzi, mainly from two angles, one is the attitude towards the old aristocrats. The second is the use of propriety and law. On the exposition of the old aristocratic attitude, the author analyzes Confucius' attitude and political idea from the aspects of "correct name", the world official system, the aristocratic political democracy and the relative rationality of the etiquette system. From the power comparison between the domestic public office and the Qing nationality of Jin in the Spring and Autumn period, the regional culture of Jin, the reason of Zhao Jianzi's attitude towards the old aristocrats in the public room was analyzed, and the matter of Zhao Jianzi casting the tripod was analyzed from various angles. It explains the political idea of Zhao Jianzi. The fifth part makes a brief discussion on the evolution of the political and ideological fields caused by the confrontation between Zhao Jianzi and Confucius in different political ideas, and analyzes from three angles: the first is the transition from the argument of Confucianism to the confluence of Confucianism and law. The second is the change from the system of seal to the system of counties, and the third is the change of the system of selecting officials from the official system of the world to the system of bureaucrats.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K225

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