论司马迁和波利比乌的历史思想

发布时间：2019-01-05 18:05

【摘要】：司马迁和波利比乌历史思想中最重要的 ,而且能作出相对应比较研究的内容 ,主要在对天人关系和历史进程的认识两大方面。司马迁和波利比乌对天人之间的关系 ,都表述了深刻的见解 ,以为天是源于人们为谋求自身利益的行动和欲望之中 ,又不以人的意志为转移 ,高居于人的意志之上而必然出现的历史趋势。司马迁叙史 ,注意从变化中考察历史的进程。他把中华民族 2 0 0 0余年的历史划分为五个阶段 ,从历史人物的活动、联系及其变化中显示历史阶段的不同特点 ,以及下一历史阶段形成的原因 ,揭示了历史纵向发展之“通” (连续性 )和“变” (各历史阶段不同特点 )与横向空间历史人物活动之间的关系。波利比乌则以公元前 2 2 0年为界划分地中海世界的历史为两个阶段 ,从广阔的横向空间展示前 2 2 0年以后地中海诸国历史人物的活动。但他割裂了两个历史阶段之间所存在的必然联系 ,而且又以罗马必定征服地中海世界这一基点来推定横向空间全部历史内容的联系 ,表现出从静止不变的基点认识历史进程的思想
[Abstract]:Si Maqian and Polly Biwu's historical thoughts are the most important, and can make the corresponding comparative study, mainly in the understanding of the relationship between heaven and man and the historical process. Si Maqian and Polly Biwu both expressed profound views on the relationship between man and nature, thinking that heaven originates from people's actions and desires in pursuit of their own interests and does not shift to the will of man. The historical trend that must appear above the will of man. Si Maqian narrates the history, pays attention to examine the historical process from the change. He divided the history of the Chinese nation in 2000 into five stages, showing the different characteristics of the historical stage from the activities, connections and changes of historical figures, as well as the reasons for the formation of the next historical stage. This paper reveals the relationship between "continuity" and "change" of historical vertical development (different characteristics of each historical stage) and the activities of historical figures in horizontal space. Polobiu took 220 BC as the boundary to divide the history of the Mediterranean world into two stages, showing the activities of the historical figures of the Mediterranean countries after 220 years from the broad horizontal space. But he severed the inevitable connection that existed between the two historical stages, and based on the basic point that Rome was bound to conquer the Mediterranean world, he assumed the connection of the whole historical content of horizontal space, Showing the thought of understanding the historical process from the point of view of immutability
【作者单位】：北京师范大学史学研究所!北京100875
【分类号】：K204

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