道教治世思想研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 16:24

本文关键词：道教治世思想研究　出处：《山东大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宗教是人类特有的社会现象,它与作为社会构成部分的社会组织和各种社会力量具有相互作用、相互整合、相互融摄的关系和倾向,并力图对人的行为和思想世界产生约制和转化功能。正是在这种过程中,宗教显示出某种治世功能。道教是中国土生土长的宗教,它对中国古代社会有深刻影响,曾经是中国古代社会自我构建和维护其内部秩序的一大文化支柱。它不断地与中国传统政治意识形态相融摄相整合,形成一套颇具特色的治世思想体系:既继承了先秦道家的基本思想,又因应着不同朝代政治而整合、融摄了儒、法等家的治世思想。因此,在中国古代多种较为典型的治世思想模式中,它有着极为鲜明的特色。它主张为政者要贵柔不争、无为而治,即在最大程度上减少对百姓的直接政治压力,同时又主张百姓积德、与君臣合德共治,即有为且拥依朝廷。这样,它一方面约束了君权,给予民众一定的自由发展空间,另一方面又维护了民众对君王、朝廷的拥依。这是一种充分发挥社会的自组织功能的社会控制模式,它处于统治者和被统治者中间,兼具“治”和“自治”的某种“中性”特征。在中国古代注重中央集权的治世思想和文化中,无疑是特色鲜明且宝贵的,即使对于现代社会,它也有着一定的鉴示意义。本文即以道教的治世思想作为研究对象,用文本逻辑分析和历史史实阐述相结合的方法,以阐明道教治世思想的结构、功能、内核、主旨和思想基点等基本内容,并对其在历史上几次较为典型的治世实践范例加以论述,以期掘现出道教治世思想的丰富内涵、精神实质和治世价值。目的不仅是在文化上整理和发掘道教治世思想的优秀成分,同时还要探讨如何利用道教中丰富的合理的治世思想为现代社会服务。除《导论》部分外,全文分为《道教治世思想的形成及其结构》和《道教的治世思想及其历史透视》上、下两篇,共六章内容:第一章《中国传统治世模式的选择》,第二章《道教信仰的治世结构》,第三章《无为而治——道教的治世内核》,第四章《贵柔、不争——道教治世谋略》,第五章《“太平”——道教治世要旨》,第六章《贵生——道教治世的基点》。道教是汉末社会治世张力紧张状态下的产物,从治世思想角度来看,它从一开始就整合了先秦传统文化中的各种治世思想资源,特别是对儒、法、道、墨等各家治世思想进行了融摄,并加以超越,形成了自己独特的治世思想。道教信仰以崇拜“道”为核心,具体内容又包括经书、鬼、神、仙、真的信
[Abstract]:Religion is a special social phenomenon of human society, and it is part of the social organizations and various social forces with the interaction and mutual integration, mutual harmony and assimilates, and on human behavior and thought control and transform the world. It is in this process, showing a certain social function of religion. Taoism is a native religion in China. It has a profound influence on ancient Chinese society. It was once a great cultural pillar for Chinese ancient society to build and maintain its internal order. It constantly with China traditional political ideology photograph harmony integration, formed a unique system of political thought: inheriting the pre Qin Daoist thoughts, and integration and assimilation of Confucianism and Legalism in political thought due to the political needs of different dynasties. Therefore, in a variety of typical Chinese ancient political thought mode, it has a very distinct characteristics. It stands for the government to be your soft and not to fight, inaction, reduce direct political pressure to the people to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the people, and the moral virtue of governance, and is promising to the imperial court. So, on the one hand it constrains the monarchy, give some free space for development of people, on the other hand, safeguarding the people of king and imperial courts. It's a social control mode that fully exerts the function of social self-organization. It is situated in the middle of rulers and rulers, and has some "neutral" characteristics of "rule" and "autonomy". In ancient Chinese focus on centralized political thought and culture, is distinctive and valuable, even in modern society, it also has a certain significance.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：B958

【引证文献】