赣南民间风水信仰的调查与研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 12:26

本文选题：赣南　切入点：民间风水信仰　出处：《赣南师范学院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风水是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，是一种蕴意丰富的民俗文化事象。民间风水信仰作为一种民间信仰，已凝结为社会民众的一种“集体无意识”，讲究风水宜忌已然成为广大中国社会民众日常生活的重要组成部分。本文以赣南地区为研究中心，采用历史人类学的研究方法，从赣南风水的传入、发展及现状着手，对民间风水信仰进行深入探讨。学术界对民间信仰的概念界定历来都存有争议，笔者认为民间信仰并不是传统意义上的所谓的庶民的信仰，而应是囊括了庶民和精英阶层的大众信仰，是一种在民之间的信仰。民间风水信仰是伴随着风水观念在民之间的产生、传播、发展，渐渐为民所信为民所仰而产生的植根于民众心中的一种思想，一种意识。笔者认为秦汉时期阳宅风水的以阴阳五行五音为核心的吉凶推演模式初步形成，当时还形成了一系列为后世所传承的基本原则。而阴宅风水的吉凶推演模式及其理论在秦汉时期其实就已经形成。文章着重分析民间风水信仰在赣南地区的外在表现形态，介绍了风水传入赣南的过程及其发展势态。唐朝以前，民间风水信仰主要盛行于黄河流域的中下游地区和长江两岸地区，尚未传播至现今的赣南地区。据赣南地区的史志资料和民间传说可知，将风水术带入赣南地区的主要是唐末因黄巢起义避乱赣州的杨筠松和卜都监，他们在此传道授业，开创了形势派风水。经过五代、宋、元时期的传承与发展，至明清时期，赣南地区的风水信仰达到了极盛的程度。到了清代，笃信风水的现象十分普遍，风水信仰已经成为民众中的一种传统积淀，，一种普遍的民俗文化事象。然而，风水信仰也造成了诸多不良影响，引发了诸如停柩不葬、二次葬与诉讼、盗葬与械斗等社会问题。究其原因，笔者认为是魂神还养的互惠理念及魂神还害的互损效应、地方官员的安抚姑息、灵验的事迹及传说故事和社会动荡，世事不确定性的凸显等因素共同作用的结果。发展到现代社会，风水信仰已经成为民间社会的一种俗信，成为规范民众的行为、语言和心理的一种基本力量。在现代社会中，赣南地区的民间风水信仰依然盛行不衰，风水从业人员在风水信仰的传承和扩散过程中发挥着重要的作用。文章重点描述了风水从业人员的构成、素质、实践活动及其传承理念。文章对风水信众的构成也进行了细致分析，风水信众依然本着“趋吉避凶”的心理信仰风水，进行着各种风水实践活动。本文从与时俱进因地制宜民间风水信仰的生存策略、民间风水信仰的习俗化、灵验与感恩——民间风水信仰体验的互动模式和民间风水信仰文化调适的社会功用四个方面分析了时下赣南地区民间风水信仰盛行不衰的原因。同时，文章还对时下民间风水信仰的特点以及对民间风水信仰的态度和策略问题作了一定的阐述。
[Abstract]:Fengshui is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and a kind of folk culture with rich meaning. The folk fengshui belief is a folk belief. It has been condensed as a collective unconsciousness of the social masses, and it has become an important part of the daily life of the Chinese people to pay attention to the fengshui. This paper takes Gannan area as the research center, adopts the research method of historical anthropology, starts with the introduction, development and present situation of geomantic water in Gannan. The definition of folk belief has always been controversial in academic circles. The author thinks that folk belief is not the traditional belief of the common people. The folk fengshui belief is accompanied by the emergence, dissemination and development of the geomantic concept among the people. A kind of thought, a kind of consciousness rooted in the hearts of the people, gradually believed by the people and admired by the people. The author thinks that in the Qin and Han dynasties, the auspicious and evil evolutional model of Yangzhai geomantic with Yin and Yang five elements and five sounds as the core has been formed preliminarily. At that time, a series of basic principles passed down by later generations were formed. In fact, the evocative mode and theory of fengshui in Yinzhai were formed in the Qin and Han dynasties. This paper focuses on the external manifestation of folk fengshui belief in Gannan. This paper introduces the process and development of the introduction of geomantic water into Gannan. Before the Tang Dynasty, the folk fengshui belief was prevailing mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin and on both sides of the Yangtze River. According to the historical records and folklore of Gannan region, the main ones who brought geomantic techniques into the south of Jiangxi in the end of the Tang Dynasty were Yang Junsong and Pu du Jian of Ganzhou because of the Huangchao uprising, where they preached and taught. Through the inheritance and development of the five dynasties, Song and Yuan dynasties, by the Ming and Qing dynasties, the geomantic belief in Gannan region reached a very high level. By the Qing Dynasty, the phenomenon of believing in geomantic water was very common, and the fengshui belief had become a kind of traditional accumulation and a common folk cultural phenomenon among the populace. However, the fengshui belief also caused many adverse effects, such as stopping the coffin and not burying the coffin. Social problems such as secondary burial and litigation, burials and armed fights, and so on. The author believes that the reason is the reciprocal concept of the spirit god and the mutual damage effect of the soul god, the appeasement of the local officials, the deeds and legends of efficacy and the social unrest. In modern society, geomantic belief has become a popular belief in civil society and a basic force to regulate the behavior, language and psychology of the people. In the modern society, the folk fengshui belief in Gannan region is still prevailing, and the fengshui practitioners play an important role in the process of the inheritance and diffusion of the fengshui belief. The article mainly describes the composition and quality of the geomantic practitioners. The article also makes a detailed analysis of the composition of the fengshui believers, who still adhere to the psychological belief of "seeking good fortune and avoiding evil". This article is based on the survival strategy of folk geomantic belief in keeping pace with the times and the custom of folk geomantic belief. The interactive model of the experience of folk fengshui belief and the social function of cultural adjustment of folk fengshui belief analyze the reason why folk geomantic belief is popular in south Jiangxi. At the same time, The article also expounds the characteristics of the folk geomantic belief and the attitude and strategy of the folk geomantic belief.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B992.4

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