试论犹太教哈巴德派的宣教运动与主要思想

发布时间：2018-03-18 20:39

本文选题：犹太神秘主义　切入点：宣教　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 犹太启蒙运动之后，犹太教出现了大分裂，从原本统一的犹太教中逐渐分化出正统派、改革派、保守派、重建派、新正统派等宗派，，他们在犹太教信仰的原则性问题上产生了分歧，甚至很多派别或团体已经不再遵守犹太律法，这种现象在犹太历史中是从未有过的。在最近的两百年间，许多犹太人抛弃犹太教传统变为世俗的犹太人。可以说在犹太启蒙运动之后，犹太民族一直面临着被逐渐同化的危机。在这种情况下，众多犹太教正统派当然不会坐视不理，他们纷纷采取各种手段劝说世俗犹太人“重新回到上帝的身边”(back to God)。其中，做得最突出的就是哈巴德派发起的宣教运动。宣教思想在犹太民族史上自古有之。在圣经犹太教时期，从古代的先知摩西到以赛亚，再到耶利米，都在教导着犹太人回到犹太律法和上帝的身边。在拉比犹太教时期，拉比们也教导说，每一个犹太人都应该努力遵守律法并且帮助其他人遵守律法。这些是古典时期的宣教思想。那么，哈巴德运动中的宣教思想有何不同之处呢?随着犹太启蒙运动的到来，众多新兴思潮和意识形态在犹太教中涌现出来，这样，志同道合的犹太人就可以聚集在一起组成自己的社区，而不必遵守传统的犹太律法。哈巴德派就把这部分不遵守律法的犹太人作为它发起的宣教运动的主要目标。所以，从本质上来说哈巴德派的宣教思想并非创新，而是一种由古老的犹太教传统理念和新的历史条件相融合的产物。哈巴德派的宣教运动之所以能获得巨大的成功，除了其有一套精致的哲学理论的支持外，还有很多其他因素促成了这一成功，其中最重要的就是发生在施尼尔森时期的弥赛亚主义热潮。20世纪中后期，随着宣教运动不断深入地发展，狂热的哈巴德主义者越来越相信其第七代领导人施尼尔森就是犹太人民期待已久的弥赛亚，逐渐地，在哈巴德派内部兴起了一股围绕着施尼尔森的弥赛亚主义热潮，而这股热潮又反过来推动了宣教运动的更进一步的发展，这样，宣教运动与弥赛亚主义热潮形成了一种互为因果、相互促进的关系。笔者认为，这股弥赛亚主义热潮在宣教运动的快速发展中是不可或缺的，其地位十分重要，因为它是宣教运动的核心动力，是宣教不断向前发展的有力保障。可以说，如若没有这次弥赛亚主义热潮，宣教运动是不可能达到现在的这种广度和深度的。施尼尔森时期的弥赛亚主义热潮跟宣教运动的关系，就像火箭与卫星的关系一样。卫星需要火箭的推动力来摆脱地球引力，当卫星成功进入轨道后就会自行运转，火箭自行坠落。同理，在一开始，弥赛亚主义热潮对宣教运动就起到了一个推动作用，当宣教运动进入“正轨”后，即使弥赛亚主义热潮衰退了，宣教运动仍然可以正常、顺利地发展。因此，我们有理由相信：失去了施尼尔森的宣教运动，依然会像以前一样，继续健康、有序地发展下去。
[Abstract]:After the Jewish enlightenment, Judaism had a large split, differentiated from the original unity of Judaism in orthodox, liberal, conservative, Reconstructionist Neo orthodox and other sects, they in the Jewish faith principle problems had differences, and even many factions or groups no longer obey the Jewish law, this kind of phenomenon is there has never been in Jewish history. In the recent two hundred years, many Jews abandon traditional Judaism into secular Jews. It can be said that after the Jewish enlightenment, the Jewish nation has faced the crisis to be gradually assimilated. In this case, many Jewish orthodox certainly will not sit idly by, they have adopt various means to persuade secular Jews back to God "(back to God). Among them, doing the most prominent is the Hubbard faction launched missionary movement.
A propaganda thought since ancient times in the history of Jewish people. In the Jewish period, from the ancient prophet Mose to Isaiah, to Jeremiah, to teach the Jews to return to the Jewish law and God. In Rabbinic Judaism, rabbis have taught that every Jew should try to abide by the law and help other people to obey the law. These are the classical education thoughts. Then, Hubbard movement in the propaganda thought what is the difference? As the arrival of the enlightenment, many new thoughts and ideology emerged, in Judaism, like-minded Jews can come together to form their own communities, without having to comply with the the traditional Jewish law. Hubbard sent the part not to obey the law of the Jews as the main target it launched the propaganda movement. So, essentially. The propaganda of the bad school is not an innovation, but a product of the integration of ancient Jewish traditional ideas and new historical conditions.
Chabad s missionary movement has obtained great success, in addition to its a fine set of philosophical theory support, and many other factors have contributed to this success, the most important of which is to occur in Schneerson's Messiah craze.20 century after the period, with the deepening of the propaganda movement development, enthusiasm the Hubbard doctrine increasingly believe that the leaders of the seventh generations of Schneerson is the Jewish people's long-awaited Messiah, gradually, the rise of a wave of cliques around Schneerson's Messiah craze in Allahabad, which in turn promotes the upsurge of the propaganda movement further development, so that the missionary movement and the Messiah "boom has formed a kind of reciprocal causation, and promote each other. The author believes that this Messiah upsurge in the rapid development of the propaganda movement are not Its status is very important, because it is the core power of the propaganda and education movement, and a powerful guarantee for the continuous development of propaganda and education. It can be said that without the upsurge of messianism, the propaganda and education movement is impossible to achieve the breadth and depth of the present.
The relationship between Schneerson's Messiah craze with missionary movement, like a rocket and satellite. The satellite rocket needs to get rid of gravity force, when the satellite successfully into orbit will operate on their own, the rockets fall on their own. Similarly, in the beginning, upsurge of Messianism missionary movement has played a role in promoting and when the propaganda movement into the "track", even if the Messiahism boom recession, missionary movement can still be normal, smooth development. Therefore, we have reason to believe that Schneerson has lost the propaganda movement, will still continue to health as before, and orderly development.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：B985

【共引文献】