宗教“祛魅”的信仰基础

发布时间：2018-03-25 18:01

本文选题：巫术　切入点：祛魅　出处：《华中科技大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 马克斯·韦伯对宗教问题的研究是从“世界祛除巫魅”的理性化过程上加以理解和把握的,他的全部宗教社会学主旨在于研究世界几大宗教教义的理性化程度和过程,最具有代表性的就是西方的基督新教是怎样逐步减除巫术与迷信成分而引发出一种普遍性的社会伦理。而在韦伯有关东方宗教的论述里,宗教与巫术的关系也是一个最为核心的问题,在他看来,中国人的信仰附着于巫术上,并且这种巫术盛行的宗教环境具有强大的同化力,在中国的历史上,世界三大一神教在都曾传入并在近代以前都无例外的归于消亡、或民间宗教化。延续巫术还是祛除巫术,是将东方宗教与西方宗教区分开来的标志。中国近代的太平天国运动,借着基督教教义萌芽,持有和基督教一样拒斥巫术的态度,对中国的巫术宗教有着强力的冲击,对传统伦理着彻底的反叛,然而在运动后期巫术却依然渗入到太平天国信仰——上帝教中,太平军中巫术风气盛行,并且太平天国覆灭后,上帝教也迅速被民间宗教湮灭。本文以韦伯关于宗教祛魅的信仰基础为理论构架,以太平天国运动为案例,运用理论与史实结合的方法,来说明一神信仰对宗教祛魅的重要作用,并对基督教进入中国后因教义理解偏差而导致的本土化进行深入阐述。为了充分地理解韦伯的观点,我们首先需要弄清楚的是,基督教是如何祛魅的,并且运用太平天国的实例来论证祛魅的宗教信仰基础,在此之中,首先要讨论巫术特点及其与宗教的关系,其次会讨论一神信仰与宗教祛魅间的关系,并且对一神信仰所产生的宗教伦理对巫术的排斥进行细致的分析(第一章),紧接着,以太平天国运动为实例来分析其教义与基督教义和传统宗教的关系(第二章),上帝教对巫术的斥逐与延续的表现,这些宗教行为与上帝教对一神信仰的吸收与误解的关系,并做出一些对上帝教的宗教伦理的尝试性讨论(第三章和第四章),在上述讨论的基础上,对韦伯的理论进行论证,并参考弗雷泽、马林诺夫斯基等宗教学家关于宗教与巫术关系的看法,对论证进行补充说明,最后我们会对韦伯关于西方宗教祛除巫术和东方宗教延续巫术的观点作一个简短的评价(结论)。
[Abstract]:Max Weber's research on religious issues is understood and grasped from the rational process of "dispel witchcraft in the world". His whole religious sociology purport is to study the rational degree and process of the doctrines of several major religions in the world. The most representative of all is how Western Protestantism has gradually reduced witchcraft and superstition and led to a universal social ethic. And in Weber's discourse on Eastern Religion, The relationship between religion and witchcraft is also a central issue. In his view, the beliefs of the Chinese people are attached to witchcraft, and the religious environment in which witchcraft prevails has a strong assimilation, in the history of China. The three major monotheistic religions in the world have been introduced into the world and were no exception before modern times. The continuation of witchcraft or the elimination of witchcraft is the mark that distinguishes the eastern religion from the western religion. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement in modern China, sprouted by Christian doctrine, held the same attitude as Christianity in rejecting witchcraft, which had a strong impact on China's witchcraft religion and completely rebelled against traditional ethics. However, in the late period of the movement, witchcraft still infiltrated into the belief of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which was popular in the Taiping army, and after the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the religion of God was quickly annihilated by the folk religion. This paper takes Weber's belief foundation on religious disenchantment as a theoretical framework, taking the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement as a case, and using the method of combining theory with historical facts, to explain the important role of one God belief in religious disenchantment. In order to fully understand Weber's point of view, we first need to find out how Christianity disenchantment. And use the example of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to demonstrate the religious belief foundation of disenchantment, in which, first, we should discuss the characteristics of witchcraft and the relationship between witchcraft and religion, and then discuss the relationship between monotheistic belief and religious disenchantment. And a detailed analysis of the rejection of witchcraft by religious ethics resulting from the belief of one God (Chapter one, immediately following, Taking the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement as an example, this paper analyzes the relationship between its doctrine and Christianity and traditional religion (Chapter two, the manifestation of the exorcism and continuation of witchcraft by the Gods Church, and the relationship between these religious acts and the absorption and misunderstanding of the monotheistic belief by the Gods Church. And make some tentative discussions on the religious ethics of God (chapters three and four, on the basis of the above discussion, Weber's theory is demonstrated, and refer to Fraser, Ma Lin Novsky and other religious scholars' views on the relationship between religion and witchcraft are supplemented with the argument. Finally we will make a brief evaluation of Weber's views on Western religion dispelling witchcraft and oriental religion continuing witchcraft (conclusion).
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B91;K254

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