藏传佛教文化与建筑空间的对应建构研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 22:30

本文选题：藏传佛教 + 文化符号　；参考：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西藏的独特性主要在于两点,其一是资源匮乏、气候恶劣的特殊高原环境;另一重要因素则是西藏全民信仰佛教,即我们熟知的藏传佛教。从某种意义上说,藏传佛教的形成与发展与西藏地区的特殊高原环境有着相当程度的联系,从而产生了西藏地区独特的文化形态。本文主要探讨藏传佛教文化对于西藏建筑的现实影响及长远意义,分析西藏传统建筑对藏传佛教文化回应所采用的空间建构手法,以期为现代西藏建筑建造提供现实依据。本文引入宗教哲学、心理学、社会学、符号学等理论方法,对西藏传统建筑进行分析研究,发掘其物质形态生发的深层次文化内涵,探究西藏传统建筑与藏传佛教文化的对应建构关系,从而总结出一定的对应性逻辑关系。首先以浅析藏传佛教文化内涵入手,从历史演变、宗教观念、派系文化差异、文化内涵的符号转化四个方面对藏传佛教文化进行探讨。事实上,在佛教传入以前原始苯教早已是藏地的主要信仰宗教,至松赞干布时期佛教传入,与原始苯教进行一定程度的融合,经历了政权推动、民间改造等等过程,慢慢形成了独有的宗教观念及神学理论,经由不同的理论观念推动下又产生了多种派系文化,才形成今天我们所知道的藏传佛教文化。从传播者方面考虑其理论观念需要传承、需要广泛传播于民众,则需要将其抽象的理论概念进行物化、符号化,以便于大众理解与接纳,使其观念融入到生活的各方面;而从藏传佛教的绝对信仰者方面来看,需要将其物化或符号化,以便于在行为上表达其信仰的崇高,达到心理上的满足。藏传佛教文化作为西藏地区的核心文化,影响着人们的价值观念及风俗习惯。而建筑作为生活行为、民众思想的物化承载者,在刻意或不经意之间被赋予了更多的文化意义。这里主要研究西藏传统建筑中对藏传佛教文化具有独特回应或受其影响而产生的选址布局、空间架构、色彩使用、装饰内容、建造手法等方面的共同点和逻辑性。西藏地区恶劣的环境造就了藏族人自古以来对自然造物的敬畏之心,从而也促使了原始苯教的发端,直至后期形成藏传佛教文化,因而要研究宗教文化影响下的藏区传统建筑应从原始苯教阶段入手。受藏传佛教文化影响的传统建筑可分为两类进行研究,一类是受到藏传佛教文化教育的组织性大传统建筑,如寺庙、宫殿、园林等,经过精心的规划设计,完全服务于藏传佛教文化的一种建筑;另一类则是受藏传佛教文化影响的自发型小传统建筑,如一般民居、庄园、碉楼等,在满足物质需求的基本情况下,民众根据精神需求而自发进行的空间或装饰等的设计。现代建筑建造手法更加多样,材料选择更加广泛,但面对西藏这一独特地区,如何选择适合它的独特解决方式。本文在早期研究成果的基础上,通过对西藏传统建筑反应宗教文化方面的研究分析,找到其中的内在联系,总结归纳其中的对应性逻辑。进一步研究如何开展西藏传统建筑文化的保护与继承工作,针对如何在藏区的新时期建筑设计中融入传统的藏传佛教文化内涵,同时如何创新的体现藏传佛教文化内涵提出自己的理解与想法。
[Abstract]:The uniqueness of Tibet lies mainly in two points, one is the special plateau environment with poor resources and poor climate, and the other is Tibet's Popular Buddhism, that is, the Tibetan Buddhism we know well. In a sense, the formation and development of Tibetan Buddhism have a considerable connection with the special plateau environment in the Tibet region. This article gives birth to the unique cultural form of Tibet area. This article mainly discusses the realistic influence and long-term significance of Tibetan Buddhism culture on Tibet architecture, and analyzes the spatial construction techniques used in the cultural response of the Tibetan Buddhism by the traditional architecture of Tibet, in order to provide the actual basis for the construction of modern Tibet. This article introduces religious philosophy, psychology, and society. To study the traditional architecture of Tibet, to explore the deep subcultural connotation of its physical form and to explore the corresponding relationship between the traditional architecture of Tibet and the Tibetan Buddhism culture, and to sum up some corresponding logical relations. The religious concept, the cultural differences of factions, and the transformation of the cultural connotations were discussed in four aspects. In fact, before the introduction of Buddhism, the original pic was the main religion of Tibetan land, which was introduced into the Song Xan Gan Bbu period, and was integrated with the original pits, and experienced the political power and the transformation of the folk. In the course of the process, a unique religious concept and theological theory have been formed, and a variety of factional cultures are generated by different theoretical concepts to form a Tibetan Buddhist culture that we know today. To make it materialized and symbolized in order to facilitate the understanding and acceptance of the masses and to integrate its ideas into all aspects of life, and from the point of view of the absolute believers of Tibetan Buddhism, it needs to be materialized or symbolized so as to facilitate the expression of the sublime of his belief and to be full of psychology in behavior. Tibetan Buddhism culture is the core culture of the Tibet region, It affects people's values and customs. As a living behavior, the materialized bearer of the people's thought has been given more cultural meaning between deliberate or inadvertent. It mainly studies the location and layout of the Tibetan Buddhist culture in the traditional architecture of Tibet, and the spatial structure of the Tibetan Buddhist culture. The abominable environment in the Tibet region has created the awe of the Tibetan people from ancient times to the natural creations, and thus promoted the origin of the original Buddhist religion until the Tibetan Buddhism culture was formed in the later period. Therefore, it is necessary to study the traditional Tibetan Architecture under the influence of religious culture. The traditional architecture which is influenced by the Tibetan Buddhist culture can be divided into two kinds of research. One is the large traditional architecture, such as temples, palaces, gardens, and so on. After careful planning and design, the traditional architecture, such as the temple, the palace and the garden, is fully served by the Tibetan Buddhism culture; the other is Tibetan Buddhism. Cultural influence of small traditional architecture, such as the general residence, manor, tower, etc., in the basic circumstances of the material demand, the people in accordance with the spiritual needs of the spontaneous space or decoration design. Modern construction methods are more diverse, material choice is more extensive, but in the face of this unique area in Tibet, how to choose suitable On the basis of the early research results, this paper finds out the internal relations and sums up the corresponding logic through the analysis of the religious culture in Tibet's traditional building reaction, and further studies how to carry out the protection and inheritance of the traditional architectural culture of Tibet and how to do it in the Tibetan area. In the new era, the traditional Tibetan Buddhist culture is integrated into the architectural design. At the same time, how to reflect the cultural connotation of Tibetan Buddhism is put forward.

【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B946.6;TU-024

【参考文献】