五台山文殊信仰与华严初祖崇拜

发布时间：2018-05-07 03:08

本文选题：杜顺 + 五台山　；参考：《世界宗教研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：本文试图通过对华严宗初祖杜顺与五台山关系的分析,揭示中古东亚佛教宗派建构史上的一种模式:圣境与圣僧———指那些被视为菩萨化现的高僧———的双重交互确认。杜顺在中唐以后被视为文殊菩萨的化身,并于宋初被尊奉为华严宗初祖。本文首先考证了杜顺乃文殊化现这则传说的来源及其形成时间,进而追问这则传说产生的思想史背景,并得出以下结论:五台山在南北朝末期成为佛教圣山,并在唐高宗至代宗时代确立了其文殊菩萨道场的神圣地位,密教在其中发挥了重要作用。在此背景下,华严宗人希望借助五台山来抬高自身的地位。以澄观为代表的华严宗人凭借《华严经》之于五台山文殊道场的经证渊源,提高了文殊在华严义学体系中原本并不突出的地位,创立了文殊与普贤并重的三圣圆融观。同时,他们通过僧传等文字,编纂了早期华严传习者与五台山的历史渊源,其中的代表就是杜顺乃文殊化身的传说。于是,杜顺通过五台山获得了神圣地位,而五台山则通过杜顺被确立为华严宗的圣山。五台山文殊信仰与华严宗构建起了稳固的相互关联,并对后世产生了深远影响。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the relationship between du Shun, the original ancestor of Huayan Zong, and Wutai Mountain, this paper attempts to reveal a model in the history of Buddhist sectarian construction in Middle East Asia: the dual interaction between the sacred realm and the holy monks, who are regarded as the high monks who are regarded as Bodhisattvas. Du Shun was regarded as the embodiment of Manjushri Bodhisattva after the middle Tang Dynasty, and was honored as the ancestor of Huayen sect in the early Song Dynasty. This paper first studies the origin and formation time of the legend of du Shunnai Manjusri, and then inquires into the historical background of the legend, and draws the following conclusions: the Wutai Mountain became a Buddhist holy mountain in the end of the Southern and Northern dynasties. And in the period from Gaozong to the generation, it established the sacred status of Manjushri Bodhisattva, in which the secret religion played an important role. In this context, Huayen Zong hoped to raise their position with the help of Wutai Mountain. Hua Yan Zong, represented by Chen Guan, raised the original position of Manjusri in the system of Chinese Yan righteousness by virtue of the origin of the Classical evidence in Wushan Manjusri of Wutai Mountain, and established the three Saints Harmony of Manjusri and the whole Sage. At the same time, they compiled the historical origin of the early Huayin Zhuan and Wutai Mountain through the writing of monk's biography, the representative of which is the legend of Manjusri incarnation of du Shun. Therefore, du Shun obtained sacred status through Wutai Mountain, and Wutai Mountain was established as the sacred mountain of Huayin sect through du Shun. The belief of Manjusri in Wutai Mountain and the construction of Huayan sect are closely related and have a profound influence on later generations.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系宗教学系;
【分类号】：B948

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