佛教在精神分析与心理治疗中的意义

发布时间：2018-08-23 13:49

【摘要】：宗教的魅力在于通过神灵信仰获得对人生和世界的特定解释,这一解释以感性融摄理性的形式而获得强化,使人获得超稳定的心理和生理能量,以"自净其心"为特色的佛教,在这一点上尤其突出。佛教的基本教义(四谛、十二因缘、轮回业报理论)以及大乘佛教的唯识观等不仅与中国传统的生死观、命运观一起构成中国人普遍的信念与信仰,而且对精神分析和心理治疗具有重要的启迪。佛教唯识学与精神分析学说最重要的共同点在于,都认定意识根源于无意识,并且把人的心理结构分为三个层次:唯识学是依照由深至浅的顺序把众生之心分为"心"、"意"、"识"三个层面;与此相类似的是,弗洛伊德将人的心理结构分为"本我"、"自我"和"超我"三层,荣格则把精神分为意识、个人无意识、集体无意识三大层次。
[Abstract]:The charm of religion lies in obtaining a specific interpretation of life and the world through the belief of the gods. This interpretation is strengthened by the form of sensual integration of reason, which enables people to acquire super-stable psychological and physical energy, and Buddhism, characterized by "self-purification of its heart". This is especially true at this point. The basic teachings of Buddhism (the four essentials, 12 karma, the theory of samsara retribution) and Mahayana Buddhism's view of consciousness, together with the traditional Chinese view of life and death, together with the view of destiny, constitute the universal beliefs and beliefs of the Chinese people. And it has important enlightenment to psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. The most important thing that Buddhism and psychoanalysis have in common is that they both believe that consciousness originates from the unconscious. And divide the psychological structure of human into three levels: only learning divides the hearts of sentient beings into "heart", "meaning" and "knowledge" according to the order from deep to shallow; similarly, Freud divided the human psychological structure into three levels: "ego", "ego" and "superego", while Jung divided the spirit into three levels: consciousness, individual unconscious and collective unconscious.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B948

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