转型社会民众的宗教信仰及其引导

发布时间：2018-09-10 09:25

【摘要】：宗教不仅是一种特殊的意识形态,而且是一种复杂的社会文化现象。在历史上,宗教既充当过文化的载体,又扮演过科学的仇敌。21世纪的今天,尽管科学技术的发展突飞猛进,社会生活日益世俗化,但宗教并没有消逝,反而以各种新的形式继续对文学、艺术、哲学以及社会各方面渗透,保持其特有的感染力和影响力,甚至在一些地区和一些群体中出现了“宗教热”的现象。我国正处于由传统社会向现代社会转变的社会转型时期,社会结构的变化撞击着中国社会的各个要素,也为宗教的发展提供了契机。社会转型在我国表现为:从自给半自给的自然经济社会向社会主义市场经济社会转型,从刚性结构社会向弹性社会结构转型,从同质文化社会向异质文化社会转型,从封闭半封闭社会向开放社会转型。社会转型为宗教的发展提供了契机:相对宽松的政治、社会环境为宗教的发展提供了有利条件;经济发展带来的寺院教堂规模的扩大,为宗教的发展留下了空间;人们对精神生活多样化的需求都成为宗教发展的条件,而社会竞争的加剧,社会矛盾复杂化,导致一部分人心理失衡,需要寻求精神的寄托。因此,在社会转型期,中国出现了“宗教热”的现象,并呈现出新的特点和趋势:信仰主体和信仰动机多元化;宗教增长速度不一,地区发展不平衡;宗教生活世俗化,宗教信仰道德化,宗教价值观念现代化。本论文以山西省太谷县为区域社会,通过问卷调查和个案访谈的方法对民众的宗教信仰进行了调查。调查结果表明:社会转型时期,意义系统转换的需要,是个体皈依宗教的社会原因;信仰者最初是在外在的功利性的动机驱动下接触宗教的,但随着时间的推移,其信仰中精神层面的成分逐渐增加;宗教信仰在一定程度上重塑了教徒的价值体系,导致其社会行为的信仰归因,但客观上也产生了一定的积极的效应。本文认为,我们应当客观评价民众的宗教信仰和宗教的社会价值,加强引导,促进宗教与社会主义相适应。
[Abstract]:Religion is not only a special ideology, but also a complex social and cultural phenomenon. In history, religion has acted both as a carrier of culture and as an enemy of science. Today, despite the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing secularization of social life, religion has not disappeared. Instead, it continues to infiltrate literature, art, philosophy and society in various new forms, maintaining its unique appeal and influence, and even the phenomenon of "religious craze" appears in some regions and some groups. Our country is in the period of social transformation from traditional society to modern society. The change of social structure impacts every element of Chinese society and provides an opportunity for the development of religion. The social transformation in our country is as follows: from self-supporting natural economy society to socialist market economy society, from rigid structure society to elastic social structure, from homogenous cultural society to heterogeneous cultural society. The transition from a closed and semi-closed society to an open society. Social transformation provides opportunities for the development of religion: relatively loose politics, social environment provides favorable conditions for the development of religion, the expansion of the scale of temple churches brought about by economic development leaves room for the development of religion; People's demand for diversity of spiritual life has become the condition of religious development, while the aggravation of social competition and the complication of social contradictions lead to psychological imbalance of some people, so they need to seek spiritual sustenance. Therefore, in the period of social transformation, the phenomenon of "religious craze" has appeared in China, and has shown new characteristics and trends: the diversity of belief subject and belief motive, the different growth rate of religion, the imbalance of regional development, the secularization of religious life, Moralization of religious belief and modernization of religious values. Taking Taigu County in Shanxi Province as a regional society, this paper investigates the religious beliefs of the people by means of questionnaires and case interviews. The results show that during the period of social transformation, the need for systematic transformation of meaning is the social reason for individual conversion to religion, and believers are initially exposed to religion driven by external utilitarian motives, but with the passage of time, To a certain extent, religious belief has reshaped the value system of the believers, resulting in the belief attribution of their social behavior, but it has also produced a certain positive effect objectively. This paper holds that we should objectively evaluate the religious beliefs and social values of the people, strengthen the guidance, and promote the adaptation of religion to socialism.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：B91

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