两晋南北朝时期河陇佛教地理研究
发布时间：2018-12-20 13:26
【摘要】：佛教为世界三大宗教之一,自其传入中国以后,对中国的思想、文化、经济、政治等领域产生了广泛而深远的影响,就其影响的广度与深度而言,为其他外来宗教及本土宗教所远远不及。在佛教向中国传播的早期阶段,特别是两晋南北朝时期,河陇地区曾对中国佛教的发展发挥过重要作用。 由于河陇地区地接西域,得地利之便,两晋南北朝时期河陇地区较早普遍地接受佛教并率先成为内地佛教发达的地区之一。这一时期的河陇地区佛教迅速发展,既有自然与人文环境方面的因素,也有着深刻的社会历史背景和多种原因。两晋南北朝时期河陇地区高僧辈出,当时河陇所出高僧数量在全国占有相当比重。他们在各个方面所表现出来的杰出才能及做出的贡献,不独为河陇佛教文化增添了光彩的一页,而且对全国佛教的发展产生了重要影响。佛经的翻译在早期佛教传播过程中发挥过关键作用。两晋南北朝时期河陇地区于佛经翻译方面,在全国占有一席之地。这一时期河陇地区的译经在人员组成、经典的选择、经费来源、译经风格等方面有明显的地域特点。戒律、禅定、智慧通常被称为佛教之三学,两晋南北朝时期河陇僧人于三学方面咸有贡献。其中,在禅籍的翻译与禅法的传授方面,河陇僧人的贡献尤为突出。两晋南北朝时期,随着佛教在全国范围内迅速传播,佛教寺院也如雨后春笋般地兴建起来,但史籍中对这一时期河陇地区寺院的记载却不甚了了。通过对文献的仔细梳理,我们检得当时河陇地区的二十余所寺院,并就其分布规律做了探讨。两晋南北朝时期河陇地区的开窟造像活动非常活跃,河陇地区石窟不仅开凿时间早,数量多、分布广,而且艺术精湛,为全国其他地区所不及。河陇地区的石窟在空间分布上有一定的规律性,同时在造像与壁画风格上也有明显的地域特色。两晋南北朝时期河陇佛教地域特色鲜明,但在其内部也出现了河西与陇右佛教文化的分异。其中河西地区受西域风格的影响较深,而陇右地区在风格上与中原接近。 两晋南北朝时期河陇高僧辈出,他们或以译经著称,或以修禅闻名。河陇译经成为我国早期译经的重要组成部分,而河陇禅僧弘传禅法的活动,推动了当时国内禅业的兴盛。同时,这一时期河陇地区开凿了大量的石窟寺,其窟内造像与壁画融合中西风格,地域特色鲜明,成为我国石窟艺术中的一枝奇葩。无论从取得的成就还是对国内的影响来看,两晋南北朝时期的河陇佛教均在国内占有特殊而重要的地位。
[Abstract]:Buddhism is one of the three major religions in the world. Since it was introduced into China, it has had a wide and profound impact on China's thought, culture, economy, politics and so on. Far less so for other foreign and native religions. In the early stage of Buddhism spreading to China, especially during the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin and Jin dynasties, the Helong region played an important role in the development of Chinese Buddhism. Because the Heliong region was connected with the western regions, it was widely accepted in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties and became one of the developed areas of Buddhism in the interior of the two Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. The rapid development of Buddhism in Helong area in this period has not only the factors of natural and humanistic environment, but also profound social and historical background and various reasons. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, the number of senior monks in Helong area occupied a considerable proportion in the whole country. Their outstanding talents and contributions not only added a glorious page to the culture of Heliong Buddhism, but also had an important impact on the development of Buddhism throughout the country. The translation of Buddhist scriptures played a key role in the early spread of Buddhism. In the translation of Buddhist scriptures, the Heliong area occupied a place in the whole country during the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. In this period, the translation of the scriptures in Helong area has obvious regional characteristics in terms of personnel composition, classic choice, source of funds, style of translation and so on. Precepts, meditation, wisdom are often called Buddhism three schools of Buddhism, the Northern and Southern dynasties in the period of the river long monks contributed to the three aspects of learning. Among them, in the translation of Zen and the teaching of Zen, the contributions of the monks are particularly outstanding. During the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties, with the rapid spread of Buddhism throughout the country, Buddhist monasteries were built like bamboo shoots, but the historical records of monasteries in Heliong region of this period were not very clear. By carefully combing the literature, we found more than 20 monasteries in Helong area at that time, and discussed their distribution law. In the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin Dynasty, the grottoes in Helong area were very active. The grottoes in Helong region were not only excavated early, in large quantities and widely distributed, but also exquisite in art, which was not available in other parts of the country. The grottoes in Helong area have some regularity in spatial distribution, and also have obvious regional characteristics in the style of statues and murals. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Helong Buddhism had distinct regional characteristics, but there were also differences between Hexi and Longyou Buddhist cultures. Hexi region is deeply influenced by the style of the Western region, while Longyou area is close to the Central Plains in style. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Heliong monks emerged in large numbers. They were famous for their translation of scriptures, or for practicing Zen. The translation of the Helong scriptures became an important part of the early translation of the scriptures in China, and the activities of the monks of the river long Chan to propagate the Zen method promoted the prosperity of the Zen industry in China at that time. At the same time, a large number of grottoes were excavated in the Heliong area during this period. The statues and murals in the grottoes were combined with Chinese and Western styles, and the regional characteristics were distinct, which became a wonderful flower in the art of grottoes in our country. From the point of view of the achievements and the influence on China, the Heliong Buddhism in the Northern and Southern dynasties occupies a special and important position in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B948
本文编号：2388058
[Abstract]:Buddhism is one of the three major religions in the world. Since it was introduced into China, it has had a wide and profound impact on China's thought, culture, economy, politics and so on. Far less so for other foreign and native religions. In the early stage of Buddhism spreading to China, especially during the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin and Jin dynasties, the Helong region played an important role in the development of Chinese Buddhism. Because the Heliong region was connected with the western regions, it was widely accepted in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties and became one of the developed areas of Buddhism in the interior of the two Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. The rapid development of Buddhism in Helong area in this period has not only the factors of natural and humanistic environment, but also profound social and historical background and various reasons. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, the number of senior monks in Helong area occupied a considerable proportion in the whole country. Their outstanding talents and contributions not only added a glorious page to the culture of Heliong Buddhism, but also had an important impact on the development of Buddhism throughout the country. The translation of Buddhist scriptures played a key role in the early spread of Buddhism. In the translation of Buddhist scriptures, the Heliong area occupied a place in the whole country during the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. In this period, the translation of the scriptures in Helong area has obvious regional characteristics in terms of personnel composition, classic choice, source of funds, style of translation and so on. Precepts, meditation, wisdom are often called Buddhism three schools of Buddhism, the Northern and Southern dynasties in the period of the river long monks contributed to the three aspects of learning. Among them, in the translation of Zen and the teaching of Zen, the contributions of the monks are particularly outstanding. During the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties, with the rapid spread of Buddhism throughout the country, Buddhist monasteries were built like bamboo shoots, but the historical records of monasteries in Heliong region of this period were not very clear. By carefully combing the literature, we found more than 20 monasteries in Helong area at that time, and discussed their distribution law. In the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin Dynasty, the grottoes in Helong area were very active. The grottoes in Helong region were not only excavated early, in large quantities and widely distributed, but also exquisite in art, which was not available in other parts of the country. The grottoes in Helong area have some regularity in spatial distribution, and also have obvious regional characteristics in the style of statues and murals. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Helong Buddhism had distinct regional characteristics, but there were also differences between Hexi and Longyou Buddhist cultures. Hexi region is deeply influenced by the style of the Western region, while Longyou area is close to the Central Plains in style. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Heliong monks emerged in large numbers. They were famous for their translation of scriptures, or for practicing Zen. The translation of the Helong scriptures became an important part of the early translation of the scriptures in China, and the activities of the monks of the river long Chan to propagate the Zen method promoted the prosperity of the Zen industry in China at that time. At the same time, a large number of grottoes were excavated in the Heliong area during this period. The statues and murals in the grottoes were combined with Chinese and Western styles, and the regional characteristics were distinct, which became a wonderful flower in the art of grottoes in our country. From the point of view of the achievements and the influence on China, the Heliong Buddhism in the Northern and Southern dynasties occupies a special and important position in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B948
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