天主教东传与清初文人的思想重构——以“敬天”思潮为中心

发布时间：2019-03-29 13:51

【摘要】：明清中西间的交流与互动拓宽了中西文化各自的视域,促使中西在不同层面展开思想与知识的重构,泽及后世,影响深远。本文以"敬天"思潮为中心,对清初文人的思想重构及其与东传天主教之关系进行探析和总结。认为晚明天主教入华,吸引一批中国文人"学事天主",并促使儒学发生以"敬天"为标杆的"宗教化"趋向。至清初,"敬天"思潮成为"儒学宗教化"的主流。许三礼、谢文m 、陆世仪、陈瑚等一批未入教的文人儒士以"敬天"为枢纽来尝试重构思想系统,给静坐、内敛、涵养为主的心性陶冶活动增添了一个"超越性他者"的"天"参与监督的维度,并透过"敬天"的仪式予以外在化、践履化,因而一定程度上具有了他律性品格。但是,他们心目中的"天",涵义是模糊笼统的,与本质清晰、界分明确的西方"天主"大相径庭。同时,这种"天"即物而在、因物而显,绝非脱离物质、超绝存在的人格神。论文最后又以黄宗羲、孙奇逢等理学大儒的"上帝观"为例,对中西之间的上述差异作出补充论述。
[Abstract]:The exchange and interaction between China and the West in Ming and Qing dynasties broadened the respective horizons of Chinese and Western cultures, and promoted the reconstruction of thought and knowledge in different levels between China and the West, and its influence on the future is far-reaching. This paper analyzes and summarizes the ideological reconstruction of literati in the early Qing Dynasty and their relationship with Eastern Catholicism, centered on the thought of "respect to Heaven". In the late Ming Dynasty, Catholicism entered China, attracted a group of Chinese literati to "learn God", and promoted Confucianism to "respect heaven" as the benchmark of the "religious" trend. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the trend of worship became the mainstream of Confucianism. Xu Sanli, Xie Wenm, Lu Shiyi, Chen Hu and other non-educated literati and scholars tried to reconstruct the ideological system with "respect for heaven" as the hub, and to sit still and introvert. The spiritual edification activity, which is dominated by self-cultivation, adds a dimension of "heaven" participation and supervision of the "transcendent other", and externalizes and practices it through the ceremony of "honoring heaven", so it has the character of heteronomy to a certain extent. However, in their mind, the meaning of "heaven" is vague and general, which is very different from the clear and clear-cut western "God". At the same time, this "heaven" is the existence of things, because of things, not from matter, beyond the existence of the personality God. Finally, taking Huang Zongxi and Sun Qifeng's concept of God as an example, this paper makes a supplementary discussion on the differences between China and the West.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学人文与传播学院;
【分类号】：B979

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