中国生态环境质量变化及空间分异研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:20

本文选题：生态环境质量　切入点：指标体系　出处：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,生态环境事件频繁发生,生态环境的恶劣在很大程度上已经严重影响威胁到了居民的健康生活,了解中国各省市区的生态环境状况,剖析其变化趋势以及空间区域差异,对实现可持续发展具有现实性的指导意义,也可为国家制定合理的生态治理政策提供科学依据。本文结合综合指数法与层次分析法,基于生态环境系统的构成理论,建立了围绕自然环境、经济环境、社会环境三大生态环境子系统来分层评判的生态环境质量综合评价指标体系,在构建过程中,为了更好的阐述生态与人之间的关系,摒除了以往以生态环境为核心的构建模式,站在人与生态关系的角度,选取与人生存、生活息息相关的评价指标,建立了一个跨时空的以人与生态关系为核心的生态环境质量评价指标体系;同时为了清晰地展现出当前中国生态环境质量的变化情况,本文选取中国31个省市区作为地域研究对象,以2000,2005,2010和2015年4个时间点作为评判区段,搜集整理相关指标数据,从时间和空间两个维度来分析研究当前中国生态环境质量的变化分布情况,得到了以下三个结论:(1)就变化趋势而言,我国生态环境质量在2000-2005年出现大范围下降趋势,2005-2010年间整体回升,2010-2015年各省份间生态环境质量变化趋势差异明显,部分地区保持稳定上升趋势,而另外一部分地区出现下降趋势。就整体生态环境质量变化状态而言,变化波动越来越小。(2)就质量等级而言,2000-2015年间,中国生态环境质量等级总体上保持稳定,质量等级状况一般,可提升空间巨大。(3)就空间差异而言,以新疆、青海、内蒙古、云南为代表的偏远地区生态环境质量相对良好,而以天津为代表的华北地区和上海为代表的长江三角洲地区则为主要的生态恶化聚集地,且恶化趋势向内陆呈现扇形递减。中国长久以来的粗放式经济发展模式,以牺牲环境为代价,在经济得到快速进步的同时,生态环境受到了严重影响,产业结构和能源结构的调整需要很长一段时间,故经济的发展对生态环境质量的影响也会持续发酵;其次人口的增长汇集,资源短缺问题日益恶化。不过随着国家政策的宏观调控,经济结构的不断优化,经济对生态环境的影响将逐渐减弱,加上居民素质的普遍提高,全民环保的风潮缓慢蔓延,中国生态环境将会将会迎来新的机会。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of ecological environmental events. To a large extent, the deterioration of the ecological environment has seriously affected the healthy life of the residents, and learned about the ecological environment of the provinces, cities, and districts in China. It is of practical significance to analyze the trend of change and regional differences in space to realize sustainable development and to provide a scientific basis for the country to formulate reasonable ecological governance policies. This paper combines the comprehensive index method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the constitution theory of ecological environment system, a comprehensive evaluation index system of ecological environment quality is established, which is based on the three ecological environment subsystems of natural environment, economic environment and social environment. In order to better expound the relationship between ecology and human being, we put aside the construction mode of ecological environment as the core in the past, and choose the evaluation index which is closely related to the existence and life of human being from the point of view of the relationship between man and ecology. This paper establishes an index system of ecological environment quality evaluation, which is based on the relationship between man and ecology, and at the same time, in order to clearly show the current changes of ecological environment quality in China, In this paper, 31 provinces and municipalities in China are selected as the regional research objects, and four time points in 2005 and 2015 are taken as the evaluation sections to collect and collate the relevant index data. From two dimensions of time and space, the change and distribution of ecological environment quality in China are analyzed, and the following three conclusions are drawn: (1) as far as the trend of change is concerned, From 2000 to 2005, the ecological environment quality of our country showed a large scale decline trend. During 2005-2010, the change trend of ecological environment quality among provinces was obviously different, and some regions maintained a steady upward trend. However, in another part of the region, there is a downward trend. In terms of the changing state of the overall ecological environment quality, the fluctuation is becoming smaller and smaller. ((2) in terms of the quality grade, China's ecological environment quality grade has generally remained stable from 2000 to 2015. In terms of spatial differences, the ecological environment in remote areas represented by Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Yunnan is relatively good. On the other hand, the North China region represented by Tianjin and the Yangtze River Delta region represented by Shanghai are the main ecological aggravation areas, and the deterioration trend is fanning inland. China's extensive economic development model for a long time, At the expense of the environment, while the economy is making rapid progress, the ecological environment has been seriously affected. It will take a long time for the industrial structure and the energy structure to adjust. Therefore, the impact of economic development on the quality of the ecological environment will continue to ferment; secondly, the population will increase and pool, and the problem of shortage of resources will worsen day by day. However, with the macro-control of national policies, the economic structure has been continuously optimized. The influence of economy on ecological environment will be weakened gradually. With the general improvement of residents' quality and the slow spread of the wave of environmental protection among the whole people, China's ecological environment will welcome a new opportunity.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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