要素市场价格扭曲对中国经济的影响—理论与实证

发布时间：2017-12-28 14:27

  本文关键词：要素市场价格扭曲对中国经济的影响—理论与实证　出处：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 要素市场价格扭曲 收入分配 消费 投资 产业结构

【摘要】：近年来,宏观经济失衡问题日益成为我国学术界和政府都普遍关注的问题：收入分配格局不断恶化、消费不振、投资过热、出口萎靡、技术进步乏力、产业结构一直未能实现优化等等。而这些问题,追根溯源都与要素市场价格扭曲有着千丝万缕的联系,要素市场的价格扭曲已经严重影响到了我国的可持续发展和经济转型。本文旨在从理论和实证上厘清要素市场价格扭曲与中国宏观经济失衡之间的关系和作用机制,为推动要素市场化改革和转变经济增长方式提供可行的办法和思路。本文的研究主要得出了以下结论：本文利用C-D生产函数测算出我国各省的资本和劳动要素市场价格的扭曲度,然后利用住宅用地与工业用地价格之比度量土地要素价格的扭曲度。在此基础之上,构建模型,分析了要素市场的价格扭曲是如何影响收入分配的。通过理论分析和实证检验,发现资本市场的扭曲对劳动收入占比的影响不显著,而劳动市场的扭曲和土地市场的扭曲会显著影响劳动收入占比,但不同的是劳动市场的扭曲会降低劳动收入占比,而土地市场扭曲的扭曲则会提高劳动收入占比,有助于改善收入分配的状况。政府采取转移支付等政策来调节初次收入分配结果时,可以缩小收入差距,会对改善收入分配格局起到一定的作用。然后,本文就要素市场价格扭曲对我国宏观经济的影响展开实证分析。首先是对消费的影响。在这一部分中,我们分别构建了包含收入分配和不包含收入分配的两个回归方程,分析显示,在没有加入收入分配这一解释变量时,资本、土地和劳动的要素价格扭曲都对消费有显著影响,资本的价格扭曲会提高平均消费倾向,而劳动和土地的价格扭曲会显著降低平均消费倾向;加入收入分配之后,资本和劳动要素市场价格扭曲对平均消费倾向的回归系数数值都变小了,且在1%的显著性水平下显著,验证了要素市场的价格扭曲影响消费的传导渠道：资本市场与劳动力市场的扭曲主要是通过收入分配来影响消费的,而土地市场的扭曲则会直接影响消费。要素市场价格扭曲对于投资的影响体现在：资本市场的价格扭曲不利于投资,而劳动力市场的价格扭曲有利于投资；对于劳动密集型行业的投资来说,劳动力市场的价格扭曲的影响更大,对于资本密集型行业来说,资本市场的价格扭曲影响程度更大；并且,资本市场的价格扭曲不利于FDI的流入,劳动力市场和土地市场的价格扭曲有助于FDI的流入。对于出口来说,每个要素市场价格的扭曲都有利增加出口。对于技术进步,要素市场价格扭曲会阻碍全要素生产率的提高。要素市场价格扭曲对产业结构的影响：资本市场和劳动力市场扭曲度的提高会降低二三产业的产值之比,也会降低资本密集型与劳动密集型行业的产值之比；而土地市场扭曲程度的增加会提高二三产业的产值之比。本文这部分的研究有助于理解要素价格扭曲对我国宏观经济发展的作用机制、传导渠道等,同时也可以为我国改变增长驱动方式、促进产业结构升级提供新的思路。最后,系统归纳总结了前文的研究内容,然后有针对性地提出了要素市场化改革、改善收入分配、改变经济增长方式以及促进产业结构优化升级的建议和措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of macroeconomic imbalance has been increasingly concerned by academia and government in our country: the pattern of income distribution is deteriorating, consumption is sluggish, investment is overheated, exports are sluggish, technological progress is weak, and industrial structure has not yet been optimized. These problems are closely related to the price distortion of the factor market. The price distortion of the factor market has seriously affected the sustainable development and economic transformation of our country. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship and mechanism between factor market price distortion and China's macroeconomic imbalance from theoretical and empirical perspectives, so as to provide feasible ways and ideas for promoting market-oriented reform and transformation of economic growth mode. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: in this paper, we use C-D production function to calculate the distortions of capital and labor factors in China's provinces, and then use the ratio of residential land and industrial land to measure the distortion of land price. On this basis, the model is built to analyze how the price distortion of the factor market affects the income distribution. Through theoretical analysis and empirical test, found that capital market distortions had no significant impact on the labor income share, and labor market distortions and land market distortions will significantly affect the labor income share, but the difference is the labor market distortions will reduce the labor income share, and the land market distortion distortion will increase labor income share, help to improve the condition of income distribution. When the government adopts the policy of transfer payment to adjust the results of the initial income distribution, it can reduce the income gap, and will play a certain role in improving the distribution pattern of income. Then, this paper carries out an empirical analysis on the impact of the factor market price distortion on China's macro-economy. The first is the impact on consumption. In this part, we show the analysis were constructed including income distribution and do not contain the two regression equation, the distribution of income, the income distribution in the absence of added to the explanatory variables, capital, land and labor factor price distortions have a significant impact on consumption, capital price distortions will increase the average propensity to consume. While labor and land price distortion will significantly reduce the average propensity to consume; after the distribution of income, capital and labor market distortions in the regression coefficients of numerical average consumption tendency are smaller, and in the 1% level of significance was verified, the elements of market price distortions affect the transmission channels of consumption: the capital market with the labor market distortion is mainly to influence consumption through income distribution, and the land market distortions will directly affect the consumer. The elements of market price distortions to investment effect reflected in the capital market: the price distortion is not conducive to investment, and labor market price distortions to investment; for labor-intensive industry investment, the impact of labor market price distortions for more capital intensive industry, capital market price distortion influence more; and, the capital market price distortion is not conducive to the inflow of FDI, labor market and land market price distortions into the help FDI. For exports, the distortions in the market price of each element are favorable for increasing exports. For technological progress, factor market price distortions will impede the increase of total factor productivity. The elements of market distortions in the influence of the industrial structure, labor market and capital market to increase the degree of distortion will reduce the ratio of the output of the two or three industry, will also reduce the capital intensive and labor-intensive industry output ratio; and the land market distortions in increasing the ratio of the output of the two or three industry. The study of this part helps to understand the mechanism and channel of factor price distortion to China's macro-economic development, and it can also provide new ideas for China to change the way of growth drive and promote the upgrading of industrial structure. Finally, the paper summarizes the previous research contents, and then puts forward some suggestions and measures for market-oriented reform, improving income distribution, changing the mode of economic growth and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124
，

本文编号：1346389