奥巴马政府时期美国南海政策研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 22:15

本文关键词：奥巴马政府时期美国南海政策研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南海地区因具有重要的战略价值和丰富的能源资源,使其在美国的全球战略中拥有重要的战略地位。冷战结束后,美国对南海问题的关注度不断加深并逐渐介入其中。奥巴马执政以后,由于美国全球战略重心向亚太地区转移,以及中国崛起引发的美国的危机感,使得奥巴马政府调整了其南海政策,开始了对南海问题的全面介入。作为美国亚太战略的重要组成部分,遏制中国崛起维护美国全球霸权是奥巴马政府南海政策实施的首要考量。通过介入南海问题,积极拉拢周边国家,可以形成牵制中国的包围圈,同时也为美国控制南海地区的制海权和塑造亚太新秩序提供了机会。为了保证美国南海政策的顺利实施,奥巴马政府采取了多种手段:在外交上,美国积极拉拢南海周边国家,改善同东盟各国的关系;在军事上,奥巴马自执政以后就加强在南海地区的军事存在,形成对中国军事威慑;在经济上,美国积极推进《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》的谈判,同时加强同东南亚各国的经贸合作和海上油气开发。此外,奥巴马政府还积极利用《联合国海洋法公约》等国际法,来反对中国的领土主张,支持菲律宾的南海仲裁案。奥巴马政府南海政策的实施虽然在一定程度上实现了其政策目标,给中国崛起带了巨大压力,但同时也给中美关系、中国与东南亚国家之间的关系以及美国与东南亚国家之间的关系带来了不利影响。特朗普执政后,美国将会继续介入南海问题,但随着中美相互依赖的加深、中国与东南亚相关国家关系的回暖,以及东盟与美国不信任关系的加剧,特朗普也会相应调整其南海政策。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea has important strategic position in the global strategy of the United States because of its important strategic value and abundant energy resources. Since the Obama administration, the US has shifted its global strategic focus to the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the sense of crisis caused by the rise of China. It makes the Obama administration adjust its policy in the South China Sea and start its full involvement in the South China Sea issue. It is an important part of the Asia-Pacific strategy of the United States. Containment of China's rise and maintenance of US global hegemony is the first consideration in the implementation of the Obama administration's policy on the South China Sea. By intervening in the South China Sea issue and actively courting neighboring countries, it can form a containment circle for China. It also provides an opportunity for the United States to control the sea in the South China Sea and shape a new Asia-Pacific order. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the US policy on the South China Sea, the Obama administration has adopted a variety of measures: diplomatic. The United States actively wooed the neighboring countries in the South China Sea to improve its relations with ASEAN countries; On the military side, Obama has strengthened his military presence in the South China Sea since he took office, forming a military deterrent to China. Economically, the United States is actively promoting negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and strengthening economic and trade cooperation and offshore oil and gas development with Southeast Asian countries. The Obama administration has also actively used international law such as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to oppose China's territorial claims. The implementation of the Obama administration's South China Sea policy has to some extent achieved its policy objectives and brought great pressure to China's rise, but also to Sino-US relations. Relations between China and Southeast Asian countries, as well as relations between the United States and Southeast Asian countries, have had a negative impact. The United States will continue to be involved in the South China Sea after Trump's presidency, but as China and the United States become more interdependent. With the warming of relations between China and Southeast Asian countries and the growing mistrust between ASEAN and the United States, Trump will adjust his South China Sea policy accordingly.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2;D823

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