互联网慈善型捐赠众筹的风险及应对研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 13:28

本文关键词：互联网慈善型捐赠众筹的风险及应对研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：网络的大势发展必将改变各行各业的固有形态,慈善领域也不例外,慈善捐赠众筹在网络上迅速发展,只要动动手指人人都能成为发起者和参与者,这必将促进传统慈善的变革。互联网+慈善+众筹,慈善遇上众筹形成了一种解决社会问题的办法,慈善捐赠众筹这种跨界的产物得到快速的发展,其是一种新兴的个人救助方式,这种方式有效率高、门槛低、影响大、宣传广、互动性、公开透明、成本低、大众化等优点,在传播理念、整合资源方面优势明显,实现了真正的随发随捐、零钱捐赠、快速捐赠,让慈善变成了众筹的、社会的、公开透明的。然而,因为广泛参与和发起门槛低等特点,增加了慈善捐赠众筹的风险性,出现了披着求助的外衣实行诈骗的现象,摧残着本来就不多的社会信任,存在一定的风险。如平台面临的失去公信力的风险,改变资金用途的法律风险和收取手续费而引发的道德风险;捐赠人面临的求助信息造假、目标金额夸大、求助者后期义务不履行等的被诈捐骗捐的风险;求助者面临的因失度而引发集资诈骗的法律风险,因不信任而引发的道德风险和个人隐私遭侵犯,被人肉搜索的风险等。近两年接连曝出多起慈善捐赠众筹诈捐事件,损害了平台的公信力、挫伤公众的积极性、抬高了求助者发起慈善捐赠众筹的成本。本文通过运用双边市场理论、慈善影响力理论、协同治理理论、期望违背和归因理论等对慈善型捐赠众筹存在的风险和形成原因进行了理论分析,同时运用问卷调查的形式对公众参与慈善众筹的行为习惯和认识与评价进行了分析。在此基础上明确了慈善型捐赠众筹存在的风险,分析出了平台对慈善捐赠众筹的资质审核不严、捐赠者的不理性、受捐赠的信用缺失等主观方面的原因和缺少专门法律规制、监管不到位、信息不对称等客观方面的原因。最后,从宏观和微观两个层面,法律、监管、机制和自律四个方面提出针对性对策。
[Abstract]:The trend of the development of the network will change the inherent form of various industries, philanthropy is no exception, charitable donations in the rapid development of the network, as long as the finger can become the initiator and participants. This will certainly promote the transformation of traditional philanthropy. Internet charity crowdfunding, charity meet crowdfunding form a solution to social problems, charitable donation crowdfunding this cross-border product has been rapid development. It is a new way of personal assistance, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low threshold, great influence, wide publicity, interactive, open and transparent, low cost, popularization and so on. The advantages of integrating resources are obvious, realizing the real on-go donation, small change donation, quick donation, and making charity become crowdfunding, social, open and transparent. Because of the characteristics of broad participation and low threshold of initiation, it increases the risk of philanthropic donations, appears the phenomenon of fraud under the cloak of asking for help, and destroys the social trust which is not much. There are certain risks, such as the risk of losing the credibility of the platform, the legal risk of changing the use of funds and the moral hazard caused by the collection of handling fees; Donors face the risk of fraudulent donation with false information, inflated target amount, failure to fulfill their obligations in the later period of time, and so on; The legal risk of financing fraud caused by the loss of help, the moral hazard caused by distrust and the violation of personal privacy. The risk of human flesh search and so on. In the past two years it has been revealed that a number of charitable donations fraud events, damaged the credibility of the platform, and hurt the enthusiasm of the public. This paper uses the bilateral market theory, charity influence theory, collaborative governance theory. Expectation violation and attribution theory are the theoretical analysis of the risks and causes of charitable donation crowdfunding. At the same time, the paper analyzes the behavior habits, cognition and evaluation of public participation in charitable crowdfunding by questionnaire, and then clarifies the risk of charitable donation crowdfunding. Analysis of the platform for charitable donations of public funding qualification audit is not strict, donors irrational, the lack of credit donated subjective reasons and lack of special legal regulation, supervision is not in place. Finally, the countermeasures are put forward from the macro and micro aspects, law, supervision, mechanism and self-discipline.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.9

【相似文献】