跨行政区划检察院设置问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 00:47

本文关键词：跨行政区划检察院设置问题研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：司法制度一旦确立,其在一段时间内会保持相对的稳定,这就从根本上决定其具有保守性和滞后性的特点。对其仅仅通过常规的“立改废”来进行“头痛医头、脚痛医脚”式的更新协调可能会导致司法制度在整体的体系和结构上产生更大的矛盾和冲突。作为司法制度的重要内容之一,科学合理设置司法管辖制度,使其符合思维逻辑和发展规律的运行方式,是保证司法独立和司法公正的先决条件。其中,检察权作为特殊的司法权,也要排除地方保护主义的弊端,促进司法公正,保障人民权利。为确保检察权依法独立公正行使,合理配置司法资源,在我国设立跨行政区划的人民检察院显得尤为必要。我国司法管辖区与行政区划分离的情形从古至今都不乏先例,建国伊始,就设立了跨省行政区划检察署,虽然之后被撤销,但也是迈出了改革尝试的第一步。任何事物的存在都不是无缘无故的,必定有其存在的合理性和必要性。跨行政区划检察院也是如此,其设立是针对司法管辖制度存在的问题和缺陷产生的,能否在接下来的改革进程中发挥实质性的作用仍然有待观察。现阶段,上海、北京两地的改革试点已经投入运行,不仅代表着实践的秉承与创新,同时还面临着法律障碍、机制建设、案件界定等诸多问题。文章对跨行政区划检察院设置及相关问题进行了系统的理论归纳和实证研究。通过深入了解我国和域外检察制度的历史与现实,以此为据提出问题和主张,并预判改革的前景与未来。文章分四大部分。第一部分先通过理论分析指出设立跨行政区划检察院的法理依据,再通过比较法研究,将跨行政区划司法辖区在本国的历史渊源和国外的司法经验进行整理归纳,得出其存在是具有合理性的结论。第二部分结合当前的试点,对上海市检三分院、北京市检四分院的设立及运行情况进行介绍,并着重在案件管辖方面的异同进行分析和比较,明确设立跨行政区划检察院对司法改革具有权力制约、解决司法地方化、保障检察权独立、提高司法公信力的重大意义,并进一步论证将铁路检察机关改造为跨行政区划检察院的可行性。第三部分对跨行政区划检察院改革在理论与实践层面遇到的问题进行分析,包括立法滞后、各机关关系尚未理顺、案件管辖缺乏顶层设计、机关地位与建制不明,造成这项改革在实践操作中的困惑与困境。第四部分结合我国国情,对构建跨行政区划检察院的法律定位、协作探索、层级设置、案件管辖等提出构想,从顶层设计及细节规划等方面提出完善的建议,以期对理论界和实务界了解跨行政区划检察院的实际运作及下一步改革动向提供一点有益的启示。
[Abstract]:The judicial system is established, it will be relatively stable in a period of time, this is fundamentally decided its conservative and lagging. The only by conventional "to waste" to "the headache medicine head, update the coordination gap" would probably lead to the judicial system have great contradictions and conflicts in the system and the whole structure. As one of the important contents of the legal system, set up scientific and reasonable judicial jurisdiction system, operation mode which is in accordance with the logic of thinking and the development of law, is to ensure the judicial independence and justice prerequisite. Among them, the procuratorial power as special jurisdiction. To eliminate the maladies of local protectionism, and promote judicial justice, protect the rights of the people. In order to ensure independent and impartial exercise procuratorial authority according to law, the rational allocation of judicial resources, the establishment of cross administrative divisions of the people's Procuratorate is seized in China It is necessary. The separation zone and the administrative division under the jurisdiction of China's judicial cases are set up at the beginning of the founding, there is no lack of precedents, the provincial administrative divisions of the prosecutors, although after the cancellation, but it is also the first step of reform attempt. The existence of any thing is not for no reason, must have its rationality and necessity. Cross administrative procuratorate too, and it is set up for the existence of judicial jurisdiction system problems and defects, whether in the next reform process play a substantive role remains to be seen. At this stage, Shanghai, Beijing pilot reform has been put into operation, not only represents the inheriting and innovation practice, construction at the same time also facing legal obstacles, mechanism, problems of case definition. This paper has a systematic theory of induction and set the cross administrative procuratorate and related problems Empirical research. Through in-depth understanding of the history and reality of our country and the extraterritorial prosecutorial system, so as to put forward questions and ideas, and pre sentenced and future prospect of reform. This article is divided into four parts. The first part first pointed out by theoretical analysis of the legal basis for establishment of cross administrative Procuratorate, through comparative law research, summarizing the cross jurisdiction administrative divisions in the country's history and foreign judicial experience, that its existence is reasonable conclusion. The second part of the combination of the current pilot city of Shanghai seized three branch, the establishment and operation of Beijing city seized four yuan are introduced, with emphasis on the similarities and differences of jurisdiction and, the establishment of a clear cross administrative procuratorate has power restriction on judicial reform and solve the local justice, protection of procuratorial power independently and significance of improving judicial credibility, and Further proof of railway procuratorial organs for the transformation of the feasibility of cross administrative procuratorate. The third part is an analysis of cross administrative procuratorate reform in theory and practice level problems, including the legislative lag, each organ has not been straightened out, the lack of jurisdiction in top layer design, system status and authority is unknown, causing the reform in the practice of confusion with the difficulties in operation. In the fourth part, according to the situation of our country, the legal position, cross administrative procuratorate to construct collaborative exploration level settings, etc. put forward the conception of jurisdiction, from the top-level design recommendations and details of planning, in order to provide some useful inspiration for theory and practice to understand the actual operation and the next step of the reform trend of cross administrative procuratorate.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

【参考文献】