多元善治：我国城镇低保群体的脱贫路径研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 00:19

本文关键词：多元善治：我国城镇低保群体的脱贫路径研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贫困作为一种与人类发展相伴生的社会现象,备受社会各界的关注。20世纪90年代以来,我国一直以农村脱贫为重点,脱贫取得了良好的成就。与此相对,随着工业化、城市化的发展,城镇贫困形势越来越严峻,尤其是数量大、贫困问题尤为突出的城镇低保群体,不仅影响居民整体生活质量的提升,而且不利于全面小康社会的建成,威胁社会的和谐稳定。因此,在借鉴多元理论与善治思想的基础上,研究城镇低保群体的实际困难及其脱贫路径具有重要意义。本文立足于我国国情,综合利用多种研究方法,借助福利多元主义和贫困归因论,首先对我国城镇低保群体的生存现状和生存需求进行了研究,发现低保群体本身存在着年龄偏大、学历偏低等现状,现行低保救助方面存在着低保待遇低、受助者易产生不良心理等问题,在就业再就业方面存在意愿低、培训少、路径少等问题,低保群体生活依然较贫困,非常期望提高救助水平、摆脱贫困状态。其次,我国传统解决城镇贫困群体贫困问题的路径,主要是城镇贫困救助体系发挥作用,辅以能够提高居民的收入水平的国家城镇宏观反贫困政策。在传统反贫路径作用下,我国绝对贫困不断减少,贫困者之间的收入不平等得到缓解。但仍存在一些问题,包括政府、社会以及个人在内的责任主体主动性不足,传统脱贫路径发挥作用受限,相关体系建设尚需完善。再次,通过研究国外部分国家的反贫工作,发现贫困问题的解决需要多元主体的共同参与,尤其是通过就业再就业和提升人力资本等措施促进受助者自身在减贫脱贫中能动性的提高;需要通过立法确立反贫的相关内容,并在情况的变化中不断完善社会救助体系,建立健全反贫的法制化和系统化;在脱贫的过程中注重国家宏观政策以及国际援助的作用。最后,在前文研究的基础上,本文提出了依靠发挥政府、非政府组织等社会力量以及城镇低保者自身的主观能动性、依靠建立健全法制化、程序化、专业化和信息化城镇低保群体反贫体系、依靠相关支持网络的作用实现我国城镇低保群体脱贫事业的进一步发展,实现全面小康社会,最终实现善治。
[Abstract]:Poverty, as a social phenomenon associated with human development, has attracted the attention of all walks of life since 90s. Since 90s, our country has always focused on poverty eradication in rural areas, and has achieved good results. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, the situation of urban poverty is becoming more and more severe, especially the large number of urban minimum living standard groups, which has a prominent poverty problem, which not only affects the improvement of the overall quality of life of the residents. And it is not conducive to the establishment of a well-off society in an all-round way and threatens the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, on the basis of learning from the pluralistic theory and the thought of good governance. It is of great significance to study the practical difficulties of the urban low security groups and their ways of getting rid of poverty. This paper bases on the national conditions of our country, synthetically utilizes many kinds of research methods, with the help of welfare pluralism and poverty attribution theory. First of all, the survival status and survival needs of the urban minimum living standard groups in China are studied. It is found that the minimum living allowance group itself has the status quo of being too old and the education background is low, and there is a low living standard in the aspect of the current minimum living allowance relief. The recipients are prone to problems such as bad psychology, low willingness to re-employment, less training, fewer paths and so on. The minimum living standard is still relatively poor, very expected to improve the level of assistance. Second, the traditional way to solve the poverty problem of urban poverty groups is mainly the role of urban poverty relief system. Accompanied by the national anti-poverty policy, which can improve the income level of the residents, the absolute poverty in our country has been decreasing under the influence of the traditional anti-poverty path. Income inequality among the poor has been alleviated. However, there are still some problems, including the lack of initiative of the responsible subjects, including government, society and individuals, and the limitation of the role of the traditional path out of poverty. Third, through the study of anti-poverty work in some foreign countries, we find that the solution of poverty problem needs the participation of multiple subjects. In particular, through employment re-employment and upgrading human capital measures to promote the recipients themselves in poverty reduction and poverty alleviation initiative; It is necessary to establish the relevant contents of anti-poverty through legislation, and constantly improve the social assistance system in the changing situation, and establish and perfect the legalization and systematization of anti-poverty; In the process of poverty eradication, we pay attention to the role of national macro policy and international aid. Finally, on the basis of the previous study, this paper puts forward to rely on the government. Non-governmental organizations and other social forces as well as the subjective initiative of the urban people rely on the establishment and improvement of the legal, procedural, specialized and informational anti-poverty system. Depending on the function of the relevant support network, we can realize the further development of the poverty relief cause of the urban low security group in our country, realize the overall well-off society, and finally realize the good governance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.1

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