大数据时代政府治理面临的机遇与挑战

发布时间：2018-01-17 12:32

本文关键词：大数据时代政府治理面临的机遇与挑战　出处：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：如今,信息技术的快速发展推动社会进入了“信息爆炸”的时代。数据量的繁多、规模的庞大、传播的高效开启了一个大规模生产、分享和应用数据的时代——大数据时代。就像望远镜能感知到宇宙,显微镜能观测到微生物一样,大数据正在改变人类理解世界的方式,影响着经济、政治、人文、社会等各个领域。基于这种巨大的价值潜力,越来越多的国家认识到大数据资源的重要性,有的国家甚至将大数据资源的开发管理上升到国家战略的高度。我国拥有世界上最多的人口数和最广阔的应用市场,复杂性高,变化快,是世界上层次最复杂的大数据国家。联系到当前我国政府治理过程中涉及到医疗、卫生、教育、交通等领域的种种问题,通过大数据这一全新的治理工具可以有效解决这些问题。作为政府治理工具的大数据是一种积极的治理资源,在政府治理能力建设上具有广阔的运用前景和发展空间,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文运用文献研究法和案例分析法,将大数据与政府治理有机结合起来,分析了我国政府治理中大数据的应用现状以及数据强国——美国政府治理中的大数据应用情况。然后,运用SWOT分析法重点分析了大数据时代我国政府治理面临的机遇和挑战。一方面,大数据时代创新了政府治理理念,变得更加开放和科学;创新了政府治理方式,提高了政府的科学决策能力、公共服务能力、应急管理能力和社会监督能力。同时,创新了政府治理结构,强调了公民参与的重要性。然而,从另一方面来讲,大数据时代也带给政府诸多的挑战,例如数据安全隐患、数据独裁、数据开放和共享的难题、数据技术和人才的缺失等。针对上述问题,结合我国目前大数据的开发利用情况,提出了对策建议:树立开放包容的思维和科学分析的思维,重塑政府治理理念;建立健全相关法律法规,规范大数据的应用;创新大数据技术、培养大数据人才、搭建大数据服务平台,推动政府治理方式的现代化;从公民参与的主体、客体和受体三方面着手,增强公民参与,丰富政府的治理结构。希望通过这些路径进一步提高政府的治理能力,推动政府治理能力的现代化。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the rapid development of information technology has pushed the society into the era of "information explosion". Just as telescopes can sense the universe and a microscope can see microbes, big data is changing the way humans understand the world, affecting economics and politics. Based on this great value potential, more and more countries realize the importance of big data resources. Some countries even raise the development and management of big data resources to the height of national strategy. China has the largest population and the widest application market in the world, with high complexity and rapid changes. Is the world's most complex level of big data country. Linked to the current government governance process involving medical, health, education, transportation and other fields. Big data, a new governance tool, can effectively solve these problems. Big data, as a government governance tool, is a positive governance resource. In the government governance capacity building has a broad application prospects and development space, has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper uses literature research and case analysis. Combining big data with government governance organically, this paper analyzes the current situation of the application of big data in Chinese government governance and the application of big data in American government governance. Then. The paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of government governance in big data's time by using SWOT analysis. On the one hand, big data era innovates the concept of government governance and becomes more open and scientific. It has innovated the way of government governance, improved the government's ability of scientific decision-making, public service, emergency management and social supervision. At the same time, it has innovated the governance structure of the government. The importance of citizen participation was emphasized. On the other hand, the big data era also brought many challenges to the government, such as data security risks, data dictatorship, data openness and sharing problems. In view of the above problems, combined with the current development and utilization of big data in China, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions: to establish an open and inclusive thinking and scientific analysis thinking. Reshaping the concept of government governance; Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations, standardize the application of big data; Innovation big data technology, cultivate big data talents, build big data service platform, promote the modernization of government governance; From the subject, object and acceptor of citizen participation, we should strengthen citizen participation and enrich the governance structure of the government. We hope to further improve the governance ability of the government through these paths. To promote the modernization of the government's ability to govern.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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