冷冻胚胎的法律属性及相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 00:23

本文选题：冷冻胚胎　切入点：法律属性　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人工辅助生殖技术的广泛应用和发展,其带来的后续问题也逐渐增多。2014年发生在江苏宜兴的"中国首例冷冻胚胎继承案"引起了社会的广泛关注,该案的主要争议则是涉事夫妻均已死亡后遗留下来的冷冻胚胎该如何处置的问题,对此学术界开始对冷冻胚胎的法律属性问题展开了激烈的讨论,目前分立的学说主要有主体说、客体说和中介说三种观点。由于我国学者对于冷冻胚胎的民事法律地位问题的研究尚处于起步阶段,所以该方面的研究文献尚不充分,有部分学者尝试从宪法学角度、比较法角度和具体的继承和处分问题上去界定冷冻胚胎的法律属性问题。而我国关于人工生殖技术方面的立法也存在不足的状况,所能提供的参考文献远不如域外丰富,如法国、美国等国家在此方面已有较为丰富的立法经验和实践。所以本文将以我国现有的相关法律法规为基础,对上述三种观点分别展开介绍和分析,在理清学术界有关争议的同时,多方考察国外关于冷冻胚胎的相关立法规范和判例,在总结借鉴国外的立法与司法实践的基础上,结合我国特有的国情,提出自己关于冷冻胚胎法律属性的观点和看法,并且明确其对于解决现实争议的意义。对人工冷冻胚胎这一特殊的存在,其法律属性的认定不仅关系到具体纠纷的解决途径,还涉及到具体运行规则的制定,由此本文在结尾对关于冷冻胚胎的立法构架上也提出了相关的建议。全文除引言和结语外由以下四个部分组成:第一部分概述人工冷冻胚胎的相关概念及问题。从人工辅助生殖技术的运用着手介绍本文问题产生的相关背景,以及"试管婴儿技术"带来的冷冻胚胎的产生及二者的相关概念,并由此引申出其所带来的社会问题。第二部分主要介绍关于冷冻胚胎法律属性的相关探索,并结合域外的研究与实践经验和我国的国情对冷冻胚胎的法律地位进行定性。首先对现在学界关于冷冻胚胎法律性质的几种学说即主体说、客体说和中介说进行介绍和评析,再介绍美国、法国等域外国家关于冷冻胚胎的争议案例及处置规则,在参考国外实践的基础上结合我国的理论框架对冷冻胚胎的法律属性进行具体定位。第三部分则在前两部分的基础上对冷冻胚胎的具体处分规则进行研究。主要涉及冷冻胚胎的所有权归属问题和继承问题。第四部分结合上文的案例与相关理论对人工冷冻胚胎提出立法构想。在明述我国关于人工辅助生殖技术立法和管理现状的基础上,指出对我国应就相关领域进行立法的必要性,并综合国内外的立法经验和我国的本土国情,提出完善我国相关立法应当考量的具体因素和具体设想。仅希望本研究为相关领域纠纷的解决提供些许借鉴,为相关领域的理论研究起到助推作用。
[Abstract]:With the wide application and development of artificial assisted reproduction technology, the following problems have been gradually increased. In 2014, "the first case of frozen embryo succession in China" in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, caused widespread concern in society. The main controversy in the case was the question of what to do with frozen embryos left over from the death of both husband and wife. The academic community began a heated discussion on the legal attributes of frozen embryos. At present, the theory of separation mainly includes the theory of subject, the theory of object and the theory of intermediary. Since the study of the civil legal status of frozen embryos by Chinese scholars is still in its infancy, the research literature in this field is not sufficient. Some scholars try to define the legal attributes of frozen embryos from the angle of constitutional law, comparative law and specific inheritance and disposition. The references that can be provided are far less abundant than those in foreign countries, such as France, the United States and other countries, which have rich legislative experience and practice in this respect. Therefore, this article will be based on the existing relevant laws and regulations of our country. The above three viewpoints are introduced and analyzed respectively. At the same time of clearing up the relevant disputes in academic circles, the author investigates the relevant legislative norms and precedents of foreign countries on frozen embryos, and sums up and draws lessons from the legislative and judicial practice of foreign countries. According to the special situation of our country, the author puts forward his own viewpoint and opinion about the legal attribute of frozen embryo, and clarifies its significance for resolving the dispute in reality, which is the special existence of artificial frozen embryo. The determination of its legal attributes is not only related to the solution of specific disputes, but also to the formulation of specific operational rules. At the end of this paper, some suggestions are put forward on the legislative framework of frozen embryos. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is composed of the following four parts: the first part summarizes the related concepts and problems of artificial frozen embryos. Starting with the application of artificial assisted reproduction technology, this paper introduces the related background of the problems in this paper. And the production of frozen embryos and their related concepts brought about by "in vitro technology", and the social problems caused by them are derived. The second part mainly introduces the relevant exploration about the legal attributes of frozen embryos. The legal status of frozen embryos is analyzed based on the overseas research and practice experience and the national conditions of our country. First of all, the author introduces and evaluates several theories about the legal nature of frozen embryos, that is, the subject theory, the object theory and the intermediary theory, which are the main body theory, the object theory and the intermediary theory. And then introduce the dispute cases and rules of disposal of frozen embryos in the United States, France and other foreign countries, On the basis of reference to foreign practice, combined with the theoretical framework of our country, the legal attributes of frozen embryos are concretely orientated. The third part studies the specific rules of disposition of frozen embryos on the basis of the first two parts. Part 4th puts forward the legislative conception of artificial frozen embryos combined with the above cases and related theories. On the basis of stating the current situation of legislation and management of artificial assisted reproduction technology in China, 4th part is related to the ownership and inheritance of frozen embryos. It is pointed out that it is necessary for our country to legislate in related fields, and to synthesize the domestic and foreign legislative experience and the local conditions of our country. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for the resolution of disputes in related fields and promote the theoretical research in related fields.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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