论外空资源开发的国际法律制度之构建

发布时间：2018-03-23 19:31

本文选题：外层空间　切入点：资源开发　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：外空资源作为“人类的共同遗产”,对其开发与保护是人类社会未来发展的主旋律。由于地球资源紧缺情况愈发严峻,向外空要资源大势所趋。现阶段的外空资源开发主要是指对月球及近地小行星的矿产资源开发、轨道资源利用、太空环境科研、太空旅游等方面的商业化活动。鉴于外空作为国际公地的特殊性,应特别注重对其的开发与保护,通过完善国际立法,协调国内法与国际法的衔接,秉承共同利益、自由探索和利益等原则,来促进外空资源的良性开发活动。外空资源开发相关法律制度主要以国际条约为主,以《外空条约》为代表,普遍存在法律规范模糊、可操作性较差,制定思想落后,不符合现代社会发展的趋势等问题。航天大国一方面积极建立国内相关法律赋予商业开发活动合法性,另一方面却对已有的外空国际条约视而不见,拒不签署,导致《月球条约》等国际条约存而无效,没有实际的法律约束力。这些都导致外空资源开发缺少健全的国际国内法律制度为其保驾护航,与现在愈发壮大的外空商业开发活动相矛盾,不利于其发展。文章用较多篇幅分析现有国际外空条约和各国相关法律制度,追溯其制定背景,分析其理论缺失,挖掘其制度不足,在问题中寻找方法。文章抓住“人类公共领域”这一关键点,进而联想具有相同属性的国际海底、南海等极地的开发方案,从而提出借鉴“国际海底管理局”的管理模式来构建“国际空间管理局”,从设立要求、准入条件、决策程序等方面着手去构建外空资源合作开发模式,同时从法律规范层面严格开发主体资格、环境保护问责机制、争端解决机制等方面,对外空资源开发的国际法律机制进行构建。
[Abstract]:As the "common heritage of mankind", the exploitation and protection of outer space resources is the main theme of the future development of human society. At this stage, the exploitation of outer space resources mainly refers to the exploitation of mineral resources on the moon and asteroids, the utilization of orbital resources, and the scientific research of the space environment. Commercial activities in areas such as space tourism. In view of the special nature of outer space as an international Commons, special attention should be paid to the development and protection of outer space, through the improvement of international legislation, the harmonization of domestic and international law, and the pursuit of common interests, The principles of free exploration and interests are used to promote the benign development of outer space resources. The legal regimes related to the development of outer space resources are mainly international treaties, represented by the "Outer Space Treaty", and generally have vague legal norms and poor maneuverability. On the one hand, major spacefaring countries actively establish domestic laws to give legitimacy to commercial development activities, on the other hand, they turn a blind eye to the existing international treaties on outer space and refuse to sign them. Leading to the existence and invalidity of international treaties, such as the Moon Treaty, and the absence of actual legal binding force... all of which lead to the lack of sound international and domestic legal systems for the development of outer space resources to protect them, Contrary to the growing commercial activities in outer space, this article is not conducive to its development. The article devoted more space to analyzing the existing international outer space treaties and the relevant legal systems of various countries, tracing back to the background of their formulation, and analyzing their theoretical deficiencies. The article grasped the key point of "human public domain", and then associated with the international seabed, the South China Sea and other polar development plans with the same attributes. Thus, it is proposed that the management model of "International seabed Authority" be used for reference to construct the "International Space Administration", and that the cooperative exploitation model of outer space resources should be constructed from the aspects of establishment requirements, access conditions, decision-making procedures, and so on. At the same time, the international legal mechanism for the exploitation of outer space resources is constructed from the aspects of strict development of subject qualification, environmental protection accountability mechanism, dispute settlement mechanism and so on.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D999.1

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