我国刑事非法证据排除规则适用程序研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 09:04

本文选题：人权保障　切入点：程序正义　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：非法证据排除规则适用程序是非法证据排除规则的重要内容,着眼于规则的有效运行。在最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部和司法部五部委联合发布《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》(以下简称《规定》)之前,国内大部分学术成果都集中对非法证据规则中言词证据与实物证据进行区分对待、如何确定排除规则的适用范围、非法证据排除确定的价值追求等理论的探索上,《规定》出台以后,我国学者对非法证据排除程序产生了极大的兴趣,规则的程序设计受到前所未有的重视。2012年3月14日《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)对我国刑事非法证据排除规则的适用程序做出了调整,但仍然存在规定较为原则、缺乏可操作性等问题。适用程序的设置必然影响非法证据的排除效果,只有通过设置切实完备的操作程序,才能真正实现对非法证据的过滤,避免庭审阶段违法收集的证据对相关权利人造成二次伤害,因为,违反法定程序或者采用违反规定的方式收集证据的行为本身就是对超越权力的界限和对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人权利的侵害。完善非法证据排除规则适用程序具有重要的现实意义,尤其在追求文明法治的社会大背景下,人权保障的呼声不断高涨,非法证据排除规则适用程序更应充分体现其确保程序正义和实现人权保障的价值。本文共分为四个部分,分别是非法证据排除规则适用程序理论分析、比较法视野下的非法证据排除程序、我国非法证据排除程序的现状及反思和我国非法证据排除规则适用程序的重构。第一部分是非法证据排除规则适用程序的理论分析,从程序的价值层面进行了归纳与分析,提出了非法证据排除程序凸显的几种价值；第二部分主要介绍的是两大法系主要国家的非法证据排除程序制度,进行了比较分析,从启动程序的主体、裁判主体、审查时间、双方证明责任以及处理结果等方面进行了对比,希望通过比较考察,借鉴国外先进的立法例,为完善我国的非法证据排除程序提供了路径选择；第三部分是我国非法证据排除程序制度的立法状况,发现我国非法证据排除程序制度存在的弊病,找出问题存在的原因；第四部分我国刑事诉讼非法证据排除规则适用程序之完善,针对我国非法证据排除程序存在的问题,借鉴国外的优秀立法经验,从启动主体、审查主体、审理方式及期间等及各方面,提出重构我国非法证据排除规则适用程序的一些思路。
[Abstract]:The procedure for the application of illegal evidence exclusion rules is an important part of the illegal evidence exclusion rules, focusing on the effective operation of the rules. In the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, Before the Ministry of National Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the regulations on the handling of certain questions concerning the exclusion of illegal evidence in Criminal cases (hereinafter referred to as "regulations"), Most of the domestic academic achievements focus on the distinction between verbal evidence and physical evidence in the rules of illegal evidence, and how to determine the scope of application of the exclusion rules. In the exploration of the theory of the value pursuit of the determination of the exclusion of illegal evidence, after the promulgation of the regulations, Chinese scholars have had a great interest in the procedure of excluding illegal evidence. The procedural design of the rules has received unprecedented attention. On March 14, 2012, the Criminal procedure Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "Criminal procedure Law") has adjusted the procedure for the application of the rules of exclusion of criminal illegal evidence in China. However, there are still some problems, such as the principle of stipulation and the lack of maneuverability. The setting of applicable procedure will inevitably affect the exclusion effect of illegal evidence. Only by setting up practical and complete operation procedure can the filtering of illegal evidence be realized. To avoid the illegal collection of evidence at the trial stage causing secondary harm to the relevant right holder, because the act of collecting evidence in violation of legal procedures or by way of violation of regulations is in itself a violation of the limits of power and to a criminal suspect, The infringement of the defendant's rights and the improvement of the procedure for the application of the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence are of great practical significance, especially in the context of the pursuit of civilized rule of law, the voice of human rights protection is constantly rising. The application procedure of illegal evidence exclusion rule should fully embody its value of ensuring procedural justice and realizing human rights guarantee. This paper is divided into four parts: the theoretical analysis of the applicable procedure of the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence, the procedure of excluding illegal evidence from the perspective of comparative law, The present situation and reflection of the illegal evidence exclusion procedure in China and the reconstruction of the applicable procedure of the illegal evidence exclusion rule in our country. The first part is the theoretical analysis of the applicable procedure of the illegal evidence exclusion rule, which is summarized and analyzed from the value level of the procedure. The second part mainly introduces the system of illegal evidence exclusion procedure in the main countries of the two legal systems, and makes a comparative analysis, from the subject of starting procedure, the main body of the adjudication, the time of examination, the second part mainly introduces the system of the exclusionary procedure of illegal evidence in the main countries of the two major legal systems. The two sides of the burden of proof and the outcome of the comparison, hope through comparative investigation, learn from foreign advanced legislation, for the improvement of illegal evidence exclusion procedures provide a path choice; The third part is the legislative situation of the system of exclusionary procedure of illegal evidence in our country, find out the defects of the system of exclusionary procedure of illegal evidence in our country, and find out the reason of the problem. The fourth part is the perfection of the applicable procedure of the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence in criminal procedure in our country, aiming at the problems existing in the procedure of excluding illegal evidence in our country, drawing lessons from the excellent legislative experience of foreign countries, starting the subject and examining the subject. This paper puts forward some ideas on how to reconstruct the applicable procedure of illegal evidence exclusion rules in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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