二战后德日政治文化转型比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 00:25

本文选题：德国　切入点：日本　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治往往不只体现为一个国家的制度模式,而且还时常呈现为一种独特的文化形态。政治文化生发于人类社会的政治活动中,同时又对整个政治体系和人们的政治活动产生影响力。占主导地位且反映统治阶级意志的政治文化,有助于该统治阶级维护政治秩序,巩固国家政权,为国家未来发展战略指引方向,因此,政治文化作为一种特殊形态的政治现象,需要现代政治学研究给予高度重视。处在世界反法西斯战争胜利71周年的今天,和平与发展仍旧是当今时代的两大主题,昔日的战败国德国和日本同样走过了七十余年重建历程,再次跻身世界强国之列,然而却走向了两条截然相反的发展道路。近些年来日本在国际社会中频繁活动,屡屡挑起事端制造不安定因素,背离了战后“和平宪法”的初衷,反观德国的政治体系则始终坚定和平与合作观念,面对今天正发生在欧洲的史无前例的一系列恐怖主义、难民问题以及持续的金融危机的挑战,德国已逐渐成为维持欧洲秩序稳定的中流砥柱。唯物辩证法告诉我们:外因需通过内因发挥其作用。想要客观分析这些现象背后的原委,并理解两国发展战略,预测其未来走向,研究和比较两国在战后七十余年里的政治文化转型就显得十分必要。本文试图以历史唯物主义与辩证唯物主义为指导,综合政治学、历史学、社会学等相关学科知识理论,运用文献研究、历史分析和比较分析等研究方法,通过梳理德国和日本两国战后对待战争历史的思辨历程和重构自身政治文化的路径,探究两国在历史地理背景、传统文化和民族性格上的差异性,比较战败后占领国当局对两个国家进行的针对性清算与改造、两国重建所面临的政治经济条件等因素,最终总结出两国战后政治文化转型的基本方向。德国基本上完成了从“民族主义”到“认同欧洲”的观念转换,摒弃了对“权威主义”的盲目推崇,“民主政治”观念正日益深入人心,并成为新德国抵制极端势力,维持秩序、法治的有力手段。而日本方面,保守主义政治价值观逐渐占据主导地位,活跃政党出现价值观趋同现象,与此同时,国民整体政治意识开始趋向保守,新大国主义思潮与新民族主义思潮迭起,战后初期形成的和平民主主义岌岌可危。无可否认,无论是德国还是日本,总的来说其战后政治文化的重塑都较为成功,不仅符合两个国家社会实际发展情况,同时也对两国的经济、科技等发展领域产生了较大的促进作用。但是,相对于已经重新赢得世界人民尊重与肯定、承担更多国际事务的德国,需更加警惕当今日本唯“军备化”是图,唯“大国化”是图的情况,警惕日本政治文化再次向极端化发展。
[Abstract]:Politics is often embodied not only in the institutional model of a country, but also in a unique cultural form. Political culture is born in the political activities of human society. At the same time, the political culture, which is dominant and reflects the will of the ruling class, will help the ruling class to maintain political order and consolidate the state power. Therefore, as a special form of political phenomenon, political culture, as a special form of political phenomenon, needs to be attached great importance to in the study of modern political science. Today, with the 71st anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, Peace and development are still the two major themes of our times. The former defeated countries Germany and Japan have also gone through more than 70 years of reconstruction and are once again among the world's great powers. In recent years, Japan has been engaged in frequent activities in the international community, repeatedly provoking trouble and creating instability, which deviates from the original intention of the postwar Peace Constitution. Germany's political system, on the other hand, is firmly committed to the concept of peace and cooperation in the face of the unprecedented series of terrorism, refugee problems and continuing financial crises that are taking place in Europe today. Germany has gradually become the mainstay of the stability of the European order. Materialist dialectics tells us that external causes need to play their part through internal causes. It is necessary to study and compare the political and cultural transformation between the two countries in the past 70 years after the war. By using the methods of literature research, historical analysis and comparative analysis, the theory of knowledge of sociology and other related disciplines, through combing the speculative process of Germany and Japan towards the history of war after the war and the path of reconstructing their own political culture, This paper explores the differences between the two countries in historical and geographical background, traditional culture and national character, compares the targeted liquidation and transformation carried out by the occupying Power authorities in the two countries after the war defeat, and the political and economic conditions that the two countries face in rebuilding, and so on. Finally summed up the basic direction of the political and cultural transformation of the two countries after the war. Germany basically completed the concept of "nationalism" to "identify with Europe." By abandoning the blind adoration of "authoritarianism", the concept of "democratic politics" is gaining ground in the hearts of the people, and it has become a powerful means for the new Germany to resist extremist forces, maintain order and rule of law. The political values of conservatism gradually occupied the leading position, and the political parties were active in the phenomenon of the convergence of values. At the same time, the whole political consciousness of the people began to be conservative, and the trend of thought of neo-majoritarianism and neo-nationalism began to emerge. The peaceful democracy formed in the early postwar period is at stake. Undeniably, both Germany and Japan, on the whole, have succeeded in reshaping their political culture after the war, which is not only in line with the actual social development of the two countries, At the same time, it has also played a greater role in promoting the development of the economies, science and technology of the two countries. However, compared with Germany, which has won the respect and recognition of the people of the world and has taken on more international affairs, It is necessary to be more alert to the fact that today Japan is only "militarized" and only "great power" is the picture, and that Japan's political culture is once again going to the extreme.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D0

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