欧洲难民危机下的难民与庇护政策探析

发布时间：2018-03-28 13:25

本文选题：难民与庇护政策　切入点：欧洲难民危机　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在全球化不断发展的背景下,区域一体化也在逐步影响以民族国家为主的威斯特伐利亚体系。其中以欧洲一体化为最初的典范,欧盟成员国间在政治、经济、文化等方面深入交流与发展。但随着欧盟的扩大和一体化的深入发展,世界地区局势出现动荡,使移民在国与国之间变得频繁。移民群体中的难民因其自身的特殊性日益成为世人关注的焦点。2015年欧洲爆发的大规模难民危机,更是给欧洲带来了前所未有的挑战。1985年《申根协定》签订以来,欧洲发生了三次大规模的难民危机,即苏东剧变后的大量中东难民涌入西欧;第二次是科索沃战争后引发大量难民进入阿尔巴尼亚及欧洲面临接纳与分摊问题;第三次是当下大量来自西亚、北非和中东难民潮引发的欧洲难民危机。本文通过梳理自1985年《申根协定》签订以来的欧洲难民政策,经历了由开放自由边界的宽松政策,到《都柏林公约》后的政策收紧,最后到将难民政策纳入欧盟司法与内务之下的共同难民政策发展变化。纵观难民政策的发展历程,试图探索欧盟在一体化背景下,欧洲成员国如何应对当下愈演愈烈的欧洲难民危机问题,着重梳理和分析西欧与东欧国家应对难民问题上所采取的不同政策,西欧以德国,东欧以维谢格拉德集团为例,通过探讨东西欧采取不同难民政策的成因,为难民政策与欧洲一体化间关系分析展开作铺垫。随着欧洲一体化的不断发展,欧洲难民政策在取得推动欧盟边界治理、促进成员国相互协调合作以及帮助难民权利获得和推动难民融入等方面取得了很多成果,可是不难发现,欧盟难民政策同时也面临着身份甄别的争议、欧洲内外部认同困难、民粹主义势力抬头、欧洲价值观受到难民冲击等困境,甚至加剧欧盟政治根基的脆弱性,借此次欧洲难民危机疑欧势力的崛起,反欧洲一体化的呼声更加强烈。尽管如此,欧盟也不可能紧关接收移民和寻求避难者这扇大门,未来欧洲一体化下难民政策的走向必然会向共同难民政策曲折发展和实现。
[Abstract]:In the context of the continuous development of globalization, regional integration is also gradually affecting the Westphalia system, which is dominated by nation-states. Culture and other aspects of in-depth exchanges and development. But with the enlargement of the European Union and the in-depth development of integration, the situation in the world region has been turbulent. To make migration frequent between countries. Refugees in immigrant groups are increasingly becoming the focus of attention because of their own particularities. The large-scale refugee crisis broke out in Europe in 2015. Since the signing of the "Schengen Agreement" in 1985, there have been three large-scale refugee crises in Europe, namely, a large number of Middle East refugees poured into Western Europe after the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe; The second was the massive influx of refugees into Albania after the Kosovo war and the problems facing Europe in terms of admission and allocation; the third was the current influx of refugees from Western Asia. The European refugee crisis caused by the influx of refugees in North Africa and the Middle East. By combing the European refugee policy since the signing of the Schengen Agreement in 1985, this article has experienced policy tightening from the liberal policy of opening free borders to the policy after the Dublin Convention. Finally, to bring the refugee policy into the common refugee policy under the jurisdiction and internal affairs of the European Union. Looking at the development of the refugee policy, we try to explore the European Union in the context of integration. How do European member countries cope with the growing refugee crisis in Europe, focusing on the analysis of the different policies adopted by Western and Eastern European countries to deal with the refugee problem? in Western Europe, Germany and Eastern Europe take the Visegrad Group as an example. By exploring the causes of different refugee policies adopted in Eastern and Western Europe, this paper lays the groundwork for the analysis of the relationship between refugee policy and European integration. With the continuous development of European integration, European refugee policy is gaining momentum to promote border governance in the European Union. Many achievements have been made in promoting coordinated cooperation among member States and in helping refugees' rights to acquire and integrate refugees, but it is not difficult to find that EU refugee policy is also facing disputes over identity screening and difficulties in European internal and external identity. The rise of populist forces, difficulties such as the impact of refugees on European values, and even increased fragility of the EU's political base have led to stronger anti-European integration calls as a result of the rise of Eurosceptic forces in the European refugee crisis. The EU cannot close the door of accepting immigrants and asylum seekers. The trend of refugee policy under European integration is bound to be twists and turns to the common refugee policy in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.6;D814.1

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