论第三方电子支付沉淀资金

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:32

本文选题：第三方电子支付 + 沉淀资金　；参考：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：“法学是人类古老的学问,网络是当代新奇的发明。”两者进行结合,推动了新型法律的发展,同时也给传统的法律理论和法律制度带来了始料未及的难题。目前对第三方电子支付的规定主要在金融监管方面,相关的法律制定未能与快速发展的第三方电子支付行业齐头并进,各方当事人之间存在的民事法律关系仍不明确,沉淀资金及其利息的分配也缺少系统配套的法律法规。基于此,突破传统民法思维、从实际出发完善我国第三方电子支付沉淀资金的配套立法、协调各方民事权益俨然具有重要意义。文章分为以下四大部分:第一部分从第三方电子支付沉淀资金的基本理论出发,首先介绍了第三方电子支付的概念以及社会价值,指出第三方电子支付就是提供支付服务的非金融机构;其次尝试“解剖麻雀”,明确第三方电子支付沉淀资金的内涵包括“预收待付”和“实际收到”的资金;最后通过研究认为第三方电子支付机构与用户之间形成的是委托代理法律关系,第三方电子支付机构与银行之间存在合作与托管关系。这一部分折射出中国在互联网浪潮的推动下正在发生的经济转型,为本文接下来的研究奠定了基础。第二部分论述了第三方电子支付沉淀资金的权属问题。首先,根据分析把沉淀资金的性质界定为负债,进一步明确沉淀资金并不适用“占有即所有”的原则,因此用户对其享有所有权;其次,第三方电子支付机构沉淀资金所产生的利息是其运用电子支付体系,使传统上由银行独占交易媒介所产生的交易成本减少了的那一部分。依据我国民法传统理论所有物与孳生物的规定,沉淀资金作为法定孳息应归用户所有,然而,理论与现实操作存在的困境,使得沉淀资金利息的具体分配陷入尴尬境地。第三部分从美国模式、欧盟模式、亚洲模式出发介绍了国外的相关立法及实践经验,并结合我国的现行规定,对我国第三方电子支付沉淀资金的监管现状进行评述。揭示出我国有关第三方电子支付沉淀资金的法律制度所存在的不足,其局限性主要表现在对沉淀资金监管的法律位阶太低、沉淀资金利息分配方面的规定太模糊、沉淀资金监管的法律制度不完善三个方面。第四部分详细构思了该如何完善我国第三方电子支付沉淀资金法律制度。在提高非金融机构支付服务的法律位阶方面,建议推动法律先行,加快《非金融机构支付服务法》、《非金融机构沉淀资金存管条例》、《消费者沉淀资金保护法》等一系列法律法规的出台,从法律的层面上来推动和保障第三方电子支付的发展;在明确第三方电子支付沉淀资金利息的权属方面,提出增设电子支付结算合同或者成立专门的消费者保护基金等措施;在加强对第三方电子支付沉淀资金的管理方面,建议从完善外部监管和加强内部监管两个方面加强对第三方电子支付的监管,以期探寻更加适合我国第三方电子支付行业发展的对策。
[Abstract]:"Law is the ancient knowledge of human beings, and the network is a new invention of the contemporary era." the combination of the two has promoted the development of the new law and brought the traditional legal theory and legal system unsolved. At present, the provisions of the third party electronic payment are mainly in the supervision of Golden thawing, and the relevant laws have not been made fast. The rapid development of the third party electronic payment industry goes side by side. The civil legal relations between the parties are still unclear. The distribution of the deposit funds and their interest is also lack of systematic laws and regulations. Based on this, we break through the traditional civil law thinking and improve the supporting legislation of the third party electronic payment in China from the reality. The article is divided into four parts: the first part, starting from the basic theory of the third party electronic payment, first introduces the concept and social value of the third party electronic payment, and points out that the third party electronic payment is a non-financial institution for the payment of the service; secondly, it tries to "solve the problem". "Caesarean sparrow", it is clear that the connotation of the third party electronic payment deposits includes the funds of "prepaid payment" and "actual receipt". Finally, it is considered that the relationship between the third party electronic payment institutions and the users is a principal-agent relationship, and the relationship between the third party electronic payment institutions and the banks is cooperative and trusteeship. In the second part, the second part discusses the ownership of the precipitated funds of the third party electronic payment. First, we define the nature of the precipitated funds as liabilities according to the analysis. All "principle, therefore, the user has the ownership of it; secondly, the interest generated by the third party electronic payment institutions precipitates the money is the part of its use of the electronic payment system, which is traditionally reduced by the transaction costs of the exclusive trading medium of the bank. As the legal fruits, the precipitation fund should be owned by the user. However, the dilemma of the theory and practical operation makes the specific distribution of the deposit interest into an awkward situation. The third part introduces the relevant legislation and practical experience of foreign countries from the American model, the European Union Model and the Asian model, and combines the current regulations of our country to our country. The current situation of the three party electronic payment of precipitated funds is reviewed. The shortcomings of the legal system of the third party's electronic payment of precipitated funds are revealed. The limitations of the legal system are mainly manifested in the low level of the legal position of the precipitated funds supervision, the vague stipulation of the interest distribution of the precipitated funds and the legal system for the regulation of the precipitation of funds. Not perfect three aspects. The fourth part of the detailed conception of how to improve the legal system of third party electronic payment precipitation in China. In improving the legal position of the non financial institutions payment service, it is suggested to promote the legal advance, speed up the non financial institutions payment service law, the non financial institution precipitation management regulations, and the settling capital of the consumers. A series of laws and regulations are introduced to promote and guarantee the development of the third party electronic payment from the legal level. In terms of the ownership of the interest of the third party's electronic payment, an electronic payment settlement contract or the establishment of a special consumer protection fund is proposed, and the electronic branch of the third party is strengthened. In the management of settling funds, it is suggested that the supervision of third party electronic payment should be strengthened from two aspects of improving the external supervision and strengthening the internal supervision, in order to explore the countermeasures which are more suitable for the development of the third party electronic payment industry in China.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28

【参考文献】