无被害人犯罪犯罪化问题的法理学透视

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:49

本文选题：无被害人犯罪 + 法律家长主义　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自上个世纪西方国家掀起了一场影响深远的非犯罪化浪潮开始,刑事立法犯罪化与非犯罪化的争论就一直没有停止过。而其中最受瞩目的就是“无被害人犯罪”问题。首次提出“无被害人犯罪”概念的是美国学者埃德温·舒尔,从那以后无被害人犯罪问题就一直备受争议。在西方国家,非犯罪化和轻刑化已经成为其规制无被害人犯罪的主流立法政策,但是对于具有严重社会危害性的无被害人犯罪是否应当非犯罪化,各国的立法态度也各有不同。在我国,对于无被害人犯罪的研究起步较晚,在刑法中的规定也较少。但是在西方国家非犯罪化立法趋势的影响下,我国对于无被害人犯罪(尤其是对于诸如吸毒、卖淫、赌博等具有严重社会危害性的无被害人犯罪)问题也引发了犯罪化与非犯罪化的激烈讨论。笔者认为,各国的发展状况和法制历程都有差异,不可盲目追随西方国家实施非犯罪化的脚步,而应当结合我国的具体国情,从传统文化观念、社会民众主流思想、政治环境与政府政策、经济体制与发展水平、法治现状等方面对“无被害人犯罪”进行区别对待。本文以法理学和刑法学理论为基础,采用理论分析和实证分析的研究方法,认为我国现阶段对于无被害人犯罪问题不应照搬西方非犯罪化的立法模式,而应具体问题具体分析,采取有限犯罪化的刑事立法政策。本文首先撰写了无被害人犯罪的一般理论,引入了“无被害人犯罪”的概念,并介绍其典型类型和区分标准,为后文的深入分析做铺垫;然后对无被害人犯罪犯罪化问题进行理论描摹和正当性分析;接着以吸毒行为为例,展开了对此类社会危害性较大的无被害人犯罪的犯罪化的可行性分析;在文章的第四部分,通过介绍国外的立法实践以及我国国情,论证我国应做出的立法模式选择;最后得出结论,即在当代中国,对无被害人犯罪应当采取有限犯罪化的刑事立法政策。
[Abstract]:Since the western countries set off a far-reaching wave of decriminalization in the last century, the debate between criminalization and decriminalization of criminal legislation has never stopped. Among them, the most attention is the problem of crime without victims. Edwin Schuer, an American scholar, first put forward the concept of "victimless crime". Since then, the issue of victimless crime has been controversial. In the western countries, decriminalization and light punishment have become the mainstream legislative policy to regulate the victimless crime, but the legislative attitude of each country is different as to whether the victimless crime with serious social harmfulness should be decriminalized. In our country, the research on the crime without victim started late, and the provisions in the criminal law are also less. However, under the influence of the trend of decriminalization legislation in western countries, our country has committed crimes without victims (especially in cases such as drug abuse, prostitution, The problem of non-victim crime, such as gambling, which has serious social harmfulness, also leads to the heated discussion of decriminalization and decriminalization. The author believes that there are differences in the development and legal process of different countries, so we should not blindly follow the steps of decriminalization in western countries, but should combine the specific conditions of our country, from the traditional cultural concept, the mainstream thinking of the public. Political environment and government policy, economic system and level of development, current situation of rule of law, etc. Based on the theory of jurisprudence and criminal law, this paper adopts the research methods of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, and holds that the problem of crime without victims should not be copied from the legislative model of non-criminal in the west, but the specific problems should be analyzed concretely. Adopt a limited criminal legislation policy. This paper first writes the general theory of victimless crime, introduces the concept of "victimless crime", and introduces its typical types and distinguishing standards, paving the way for further analysis. Then the theory of victimless crime and legitimacy analysis; then taking drug abuse as an example, the feasibility of such a social harmfulness of victimless crime feasibility analysis; in the fourth part of the article, By introducing the legislative practice of foreign countries and the situation of our country, this paper demonstrates the choice of legislative mode that our country should make, and finally draws a conclusion that, in contemporary China, the limited criminal legislation policy should be adopted for the crime without victims.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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