美国南海海权战略与南海问题

发布时间：2018-05-01 16:12

本文选题：海权 + 美国海权战略　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：海权在美国追逐、维持世界霸权地位的过程中,发挥着不可或缺的作用。如今,海权依旧是美国维护全球利益的重要手段之一。长期以来,美国在布局亚太海权战略的过程中,无形中也构筑了南海海权战略。如果说,在二战结束之前,美国的南海海权布局是不自觉的过程,那么,在亚太"再平衡"战略下,美国南海海权的强化,则是重构了其在南海海域的海权布局,而这无疑是有意识的,有针对性的。美国南海海权重构是其应对亚太局势变化的战略选择。美国在9.11事件后对亚太地区的战略关注度减少,亚太地区局势发生了不利于美国的变化。因此,在新形势下,美国逐渐将战略重心向亚太地区转移。在这一背景下,南海问题遂成为美国介入亚太事务的切入点。美国在南海问题上的措施是全方位的,其中发挥基础作用的是,海权。虽然,美国历史上一直在南海海域布局有一定的海权,但在美国政府看来,已有海权布局不足以让美国在南海问题上充分发挥作用,因此,美国需要积极重构南海海权。本文以美国南海海权重构为切入点,以海权理论作为分析的理论框架,从而对美国南海海权重构有更加深刻的认知,进而提出具有针对性的,有现实意义的政策建议。第一章首先对文章立论基础的海权理论进行梳理。从1890年马汉提出海权论以来,海权论历经100多年的发展,理论谱系更加宽泛,理论内容也已经悄然发生了变化。本文以时间为轴,探讨海权思想史。本文认为,马汉时代强调,通过传统海上大作战获取制海权的方式已不合时宜。21世纪的时代主题是和平与发展,因此,在21世纪,海权更应强调,濒海控制,海军外交作用,海权与法律之间的关系等内容。其次,按照大的历史节点,对美国海权战略演进做简单梳理,为后文梳理美国南海海权演进做铺垫。第二章在第一章对海权理论与美国海权战略演进的梳理的基础上,将海权与南海相结合,按照海权理论界定南海的战略地位,进而厘清美国南海海权的布局演变。首先,本文对南海的海权意义进行界定。马汉对于海权要素的界定仍具有现实意义,因此,本文按照马汉海权论对一个地方战略地位的界定所具备的条件,对南海进行分析。其次,本文认为,美国的南海海权重构不是无源之水,是对历史布局的延革。因此,本文结合美国海权战略,以大历史事件为节点厘清美国南海海权战略发展演进。第一、二章对理论与历史的梳理,是为了引出第三章美国南海海权战略重构。第三章以后冷战时代海权理论为基础,着重分析美国南海海权战略重构的时代背景,重构的具体内容及其影响。美国南海海权重构与亚太"再平衡"战略有着千丝万缕的联系,南海海权重构从属于亚太"再平衡"战略。美国南海海权重构主要体现在三个方面:一是强化前沿存在;二是巩固军事同盟,加强伙伴国关系;三是运用制度性工具,比如航行自由。这三大措施都充分运用了后冷战时代海权,例如,通过强化前沿存在增强濒海控制能力;积极发挥海军外交作用(如,军事演习和军事同盟);充分利用国际海洋法的海权意义等。在分析了美国南海海权重构之后,进一步指出重构造成的影响。最后,本文回归到怎么解决南海问题上来。研究美国南海海权重构是为了,对南海问题有更加全面深刻的认识,从而提出相对具有针对性的意见。本文认为,首先,应该从中美关系宏观层面,为南海问题的结局铺平道路,减少两国的战略互疑;其次,具体到南海问题上来,中国也要切实做到维权维稳。前面的工作都是为了南海问题的解决提供良好的外部环境,南海问题的解决,还是要靠中国与南海声索国之间共同努力。所以,文章最后认为,中国应增进与南海声索国/东盟的友好关系。
[Abstract]:Sea power plays an indispensable role in the pursuit of the United States and the maintenance of world hegemony. Now, sea power is still one of the important means to maintain the global interests. For a long time, the United States has also built the sea sea power strategy in the process of the distribution of the Asia Pacific sea power strategy. The distribution of the sea power in the South China Sea is an involuntary process. Under the Asia Pacific "rebalancing" strategy, the strengthening of the sea power in the South China Sea is reconstructing its sea power distribution in the sea area of the South China Sea, which is undoubtedly conscious and pertinent. The reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea is a strategic choice for its response to the changes in the Asia Pacific situation. The United States has been in the Asia Pacific after the 9.11 event. Therefore, in the new situation, the United States has gradually shifted its strategic focus to the Asia Pacific region. In this context, the South China Sea issue has become the entry point for the United States to intervene in Asia Pacific Affairs. The United States has a certain sea power in the South China Sea area, but in the view of the United States government, the distribution of sea power is insufficient to make the United States fully play its role in the South China Sea. Therefore, the United States needs to restructure the South China Sea power. This article takes the reconstruction of the sea power as the breakthrough point and the sea power theory as a point of view. The theoretical framework of the analysis has a deeper understanding of the reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea, and then puts forward some pertinent and practical policy suggestions. First chapter first combs the theory of sea power, which is based on the article. Since Mahan put forward the theory of sea power in 1890, the theory of sea power has been more widened and the theoretical pedigree is wider. This article takes time as the axis to discuss the history of the thought of sea power. This article argues that the era of the Mahan era stressed that the way of obtaining the right of sea making through the traditional maritime war has been unsuitable for the.21 century, the theme of the times is peace and development. Therefore, in twenty-first Century, the sea power should be emphasized, the sea control, naval diplomacy. In the first chapter, the second chapter combines the sea rights with the South China Sea and according to the theory of sea rights. To define the strategic position of the South China Sea and further clarify the evolution of the distribution of the sea power in the South China Sea. First, this paper defines the sea power significance of the South China Sea. Mahan's definition of the sea power is still of practical significance. Therefore, this paper analyzes the South China Sea according to the conditions for the boundary of a local strategic position in the theory of the right of the Ma Han sea. Secondly, This paper holds that the reconstruction of the South China Sea power is not a passive water, but a continuation of the historical layout. Therefore, this article, with the United States sea power strategy, clarifies the development and evolution of the sea power strategy in the South China Sea with great historical events. The first, second chapter is the third chapter of the reconstruction of the sea power strategy of the South China Sea. Third On the basis of the sea power theory in the post Cold War era, this paper focuses on the analysis of the era background of the reconstruction of the sea power strategy in the South China Sea, the specific content and its influence. The reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea is closely related to the strategy of "rebalancing" in the Asia Pacific Ocean. The reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea belongs to the "re balance" strategy of the South China Sea and the main body of the reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea. The three aspects are: one is to strengthen the frontier existence; the two is to consolidate the military alliance and to strengthen the relationship between the partner countries; the three is to use institutional tools, such as freedom of navigation. These three measures have fully applied the sea power in the post Cold War era, for example, strengthening the ability of the coastal control system by strengthening the frontier; and actively playing the diplomatic role of the Navy (for example, military exercises and Military alliance); make full use of the sea power significance of international maritime law. After analyzing the reconstruction of the South China Sea sea power, it further points out the effect of reconstruction. Finally, this article returns to how to solve the South China Sea problem. This article holds that, first of all, we should pave the way for the ending of the South China Sea issue from the macro level of Sino US relations and reduce the strategic mutual doubt of the two countries. Secondly, China should also effectively maintain the rights and stability of the South China Sea. The previous work is to provide a good external environment for the resolution of the South China Sea problem, the South China Sea The solution of the problem depends on the joint efforts of China and the South China Sea sonic countries. Therefore, the article concludes that China should enhance the friendly relations with the South China Sea sonic / ASEAN.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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