金融消费者权益法律保护研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 09:04

本文选题：金融消费者 + 金融机构　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在金融业日益繁荣的趋势下，各金融机构纷纷推出了种类繁多的金融产品和服务，尤其是复杂和高风险金融衍生品的出现使得金融消费者比一般消费者显得更为弱势，金融消费者和金融机构的之间的这种不平等的地位也逐渐显现，传统的保护一般消费者权利的制度与理念不足以为金融消费者的保护提供保障。因而，文章中将金融消费者作为独立的金融市场的参与者，通过研究其权利内容和特殊性，实现对金融消费者权益的有效保护。本文将以金融消费者权益的保护作为核心，并以经济法的基本原则为指引，从一般消费者的概念为起点，完成对金融消费者身份的界定，从而说明金融消费者权益保护的必要性和特殊性，为金融消费者提供一个跨银行、保险、证券等金融机构的全面的法律保护。在特殊性方面着重对金融消费者知情权、公平交易权、隐私权等基本权利的保护予以剖析。由于金融业的这种特殊保护使我国在保护金融消费者权益上存在不足，分析现存问题的主要原因有三方面：一是立法方面，立法没有明确对金融消费者保护的法律目标，各监管机构制定的规章制度经常有冲突，导致法律法规执行的尴尬，法律权威的淡化，即需要制定统一的立法保护体系对金融机构实现严格责任并推进金融市场的行业规范；二是金融监管方面，监管手段单一，没有强有力的制裁权，同时，金融监管机构的职责不明确，法律没有规定其职责也没有赋予其职责，这使监管机构不能有效的保护金融消费者的权益；三是纠纷解决机制上，目前我国没有建立一个高效便民的保护金融消费者的长效机制，投诉和纠纷解决途径不畅通，金融消费者无法选择合适的保护自身合法权益的救济途径。“因为有缺陷才需要完善”，以上分析的我国在金融消费者保护现状上存在问题的原因为文章的最后部分如何完善金融消费者法律保护体系做铺垫。针对我国在金融消费者保护方面存在的问题，本文运用比较分析的方法通过对美、英、日等金融服务业相对发达的国家或地区关于金融消费者权益法律保护情况的介绍，综合分析了美、英、日等金融业发达国家金融消费者权益法律保护的制度经验，以供最后一章制度的构建和完善进行借鉴。文章的最后根据上文分析的基础上，笔者结合我国实际提出了对我国金融消费者权益法律保护的基本构架应包括立法体系上预防机制的设计如确立强制信息披露制度、格式条款效力的限制制度、禁止强制交易制度、强化信息安全制度、建立风险预警机制，金融操作规范和监督，纠纷的处理与事后的补救和惩处等几方面提出自己的建议，为建立和完善我国的金融消费者保护机制，以促进金融机构提供的金融产品和服务的规范化，积极履行社会责任，，净化金融消费环境，促进金融市场的稳定、健康发展。
[Abstract]:With the increasing prosperity of the financial industry, various financial institutions have introduced a wide variety of financial products and services, especially the emergence of complex and high-risk financial derivatives, making financial consumers more vulnerable than ordinary consumers. The unequal position between financial consumers and financial institutions also gradually appears. The traditional system and concept of protecting the rights of general consumers is not enough to provide protection for financial consumers. Therefore, the article regards the financial consumer as the independent financial market participant, through studying its right content and particularity, realizes the effective protection to the financial consumer's rights and interests. This paper will take the protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers as the core, take the basic principles of economic law as the guide, from the general concept of consumers as the starting point, complete the definition of the identity of financial consumers. It explains the necessity and particularity of the protection of financial consumers' rights and interests, and provides a comprehensive legal protection for financial consumers across banks, insurance, securities and other financial institutions. In the aspect of particularity, the protection of financial consumers' right to know, fair trade, privacy and so on is analyzed. Because of this special protection of the financial industry, there are some shortcomings in protecting the rights and interests of financial consumers in our country. There are three main reasons for analyzing the existing problems: first, in the aspect of legislation, the legislation does not have a clear legal goal for the protection of financial consumers. The rules and regulations formulated by various regulatory bodies often conflict, which leads to the embarrassment of the enforcement of laws and regulations and the desalination of legal authority, that is, the need to establish a unified legislative protection system to realize strict liability to financial institutions and to promote the industry norms of financial markets; Second, in the area of financial supervision, the means of supervision are single and there is no strong sanction power. At the same time, the duties of financial regulatory bodies are not clear, and the law does not stipulate their duties and does not assign them duties. This makes the regulatory bodies unable to effectively protect the rights and interests of financial consumers; third, on the dispute resolution mechanism, at present, China has not established a long-term mechanism for the protection of financial consumers that is efficient and convenient to the people, and the channels for complaints and dispute resolution are not smooth. Financial consumers are unable to choose a suitable remedy to protect their legitimate rights and interests. The reasons for the problems in the current situation of financial consumer protection in our country are how to perfect the legal protection system of financial consumers in the last part of the article. In view of the problems existing in the protection of financial consumers in China, this paper uses comparative analysis to introduce the legal protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers in countries or regions with relatively developed financial services, such as the United States, Britain and Japan. This paper comprehensively analyzes the system experience of the financial consumer rights and interests protection in the developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan and so on, in order to provide a reference for the construction and perfection of the system in the last chapter. Finally, based on the above analysis, the author puts forward that the basic framework for the legal protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers in China should include the design of preventive mechanism in the legislative system, such as the establishment of compulsory information disclosure system. Some suggestions are put forward, such as the restriction system of the validity of the form clause, the prohibition of the compulsory transaction system, the strengthening of the information security system, the establishment of the risk warning mechanism, the regulation and supervision of the financial operation, the handling of disputes and the remedy and punishment after the event, etc. In order to establish and perfect the financial consumer protection mechanism in China, to promote the standardization of financial products and services provided by financial institutions, to carry out social responsibility actively, to purify the financial consumption environment, and to promote the stability and healthy development of financial market.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.8;D922.28

【参考文献】