消费者公益诉讼法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 08:55

本文选题：公益诉讼 + 消费者权益　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国消费环境中,由于信息不对等、维权成本高等原因,消费者与经营者相比往往处于劣势地位。所以我国制订了《消费者权益保护法》以平衡双方的地位并保护弱势一方的合法权益,同时达到维护公平竞争,促进市场经济发展的目的。近几年消费对经济发展的促进作用不断增强,我国现阶段的经济增长对消费的依赖程度呈增长趋势。伴随着经济的发展,问题也会随之而来,消费投诉以及群体诉讼事件已经屡见不鲜。如网购后虚假发货,消费者办卡后经营者倒闭,手机预装软件无法卸载等。现代社会消费者侵权案件往往有受害人数多,个人损失小,经营者获益金额巨大,消费者不愿维权或不能维权的特点。这样不仅损害了消费者的权益,使得不法经营行为往往合算,也破坏了我国消费环境与经济秩序,而这时传统的诉讼程序已经无法满足这种群体性权益保护的需要,所以建立消费公益诉讼成为大多数国家的选择。《民事诉讼法》中公益诉讼制度的创设是一个开端,《消费者权益保护法》也随之增加了消费民事公益诉讼的规定,但是上述法律都仅用一个条文作出规定,对于上述法律规定的具体适用存在分歧。2015年出台的《人民检察院提起公益诉讼试点工作实施办法》授权人民检察院在食品药品安全领域可提起民事消费公益诉讼。2016年出台的《最高人民法院关于审理消费民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》对原告资格、消费领域损害社会公共利益类型、请求权种类、费用负担等方面进行了具体的规定。但是关于原告资格,请求权类型以及一些重要的诉讼程序方面还存在争议与不足。本文使用案例分析法对其中的原告资格问题,请求权类型以及诉讼程序这三方面问题进行分析,探讨完善我国消费公益诉讼的可行性方法。以期能更好地解决我国消费领域的群体性纠纷,保护我国消费者的合法权益,为消费环境的改善提供法律支持和保障。文章观点认为,在消费者公益诉讼中除了消费者协会、检察院之外还应该赋予公民个人原告资格。对于消费者公益诉讼的请求权类型我们不能仅仅局限于提出不作为之诉,更应探讨构建损害赔偿之诉的可行性方法。笔者建议可以学习法国和巴西,赋予消费者团体和检察院此权利,在我国先构建由消费者团体提出的保护集合性利益的损害赔偿之诉和由检察机关提出的“二阶段审理模式”的损害赔偿之诉。在诉讼程序方面,我们有必要构建准前置程序,并且允许在消费公益诉讼中进行和解,对于诉讼费用的承担,要与普通的民事诉讼程序进行一定的区分。笔者希望消费者公益诉讼能不断完善,以达到保护消费者合法权益与企业规范有序发展并存的效果。
[Abstract]:In the consumption environment of our country, because of the unequal information and the high cost of safeguarding rights, consumers are often in a inferior position compared with the operators. Therefore, China has formulated the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act to balance the status of both sides and to protect the legal rights and interests of the weak party, and at the same time to maintain fair competition and promote the development of the market economy. In recent years, the role of consumption in promoting economic development has been increasing, and the degree of dependence of economic growth on consumption is increasing in our country at the present stage. With economic development, problems will follow, consumer complaints and group lawsuits have become common. Such as online purchase after false delivery, consumer business card business, mobile phone pre-installed software can not be unloaded, and so on. In modern society, consumer tort cases often have the characteristics of large number of victims, small individual losses, huge profits from operators, and consumers unwilling to defend their rights or unable to protect their rights. This not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, makes illegal business activities often cost-effective, but also undermines the consumption environment and economic order in our country. At this time, the traditional litigation procedures can no longer meet the needs of this kind of protection of group rights and interests. Therefore, the establishment of consumer public interest litigation has become the choice of most countries. The establishment of the public interest litigation system in the Civil procedure Law is a beginning, and the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law has also increased the provisions of consumer civil public interest litigation. But the laws mentioned above are provided for in only one article. There are differences in the specific application of the above legal provisions. The measures for the implementation of the pilot work of the people's Procuratorate on initiating Public interest Litigation issued in 2015 authorized the people's Procuratorate to institute civil consumer public interest litigation in the field of food and drug safety The interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on certain issues applicable to the Law applicable to cases of Civil Public interest Litigation of consumption issued in 2016, to the qualification of the plaintiff, The consumption area damages the social public interest type, the claim right type, the expense burden and so on has carried on the concrete stipulation. However, there are still some disputes and deficiencies about the plaintiff's qualification, the type of claim and some important litigation procedures. This paper uses the case analysis method to analyze the three aspects of the plaintiff's qualification, the type of claim and the litigation procedure, and to discuss the feasible method of consummating the consumer public interest litigation in our country. In order to better solve the group disputes in the field of consumption in China, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers in China, and provide legal support and protection for the improvement of consumption environment. The article holds that in consumer public interest litigation, in addition to consumer associations and procuratorates, citizens should also be granted individual plaintiff qualifications. As to the types of claims of consumer public interest litigation, we should not only limit ourselves to the action of omission, but also explore the feasible method of constructing the action of damages. The author suggests that we can learn from France and Brazil and give this right to consumer groups and prosecutors. In our country, we first set up a lawsuit for the protection of collective interests by consumer organizations and a lawsuit for damages under the "two-stage trial mode" put forward by the procuratorial organs. In the aspect of litigation procedure, it is necessary for us to construct quasi-front procedure, and to allow reconciliation in consumer public interest litigation. To bear the cost of litigation, we should distinguish it from ordinary civil procedure. The author hopes that consumer public interest litigation can be perfected continuously in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and the orderly development of enterprise norms.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8

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