布里亚特共和国地方政府服务专业化形象研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 11:38
【摘要】：俄罗斯联邦地方自治政府的实践运作方式表明:市政服务体系的专业化存在一些不利的条件。其中包括:在快速变化的社会经济条件下员工的专业潜力与劳动内容不匹配,人事问题处理上存在主观性,小团体等。道德和专业文化建设上的不完善以及技术与人口相互作用机制的缺乏等等。这一切都表明,理解市政服务的专业化对地方自治政府形机构形象的影响所起到的作用十分必要。这为证实目前已经存在科学理论和实际需求来制定和履行市政服务的专业化的概念确立了基础。因此,本课题的研究目的即为:将市政服务专业化的管理机制这一概念作为地方政府形象行成的一个重要因素。这项研究的科学新颖之处在于:1.下了个定义《地方政府在民众中的形象》。地方政府在民众中的形象是反映在群众和/或个人意识中的整体稳定的地方政府的形象。其内容取决于公民与地方政府的沟通的满意度;2.提出了专业化的市政服务的概念。市政服务的专业化是一个社会进程,其中的组成元素是市政公务员职业的形成与劳动内容的定性和定量变化;3.确定了在人民中地方自治机构积极形象的形成对在二级专业化过程中获得市政员工的专业能力水平的依赖性。该研究的科学意义和现实意义是由它的实际方向决定。制定的建议可用于市政服务专业化市政项目的科学论据。这些项目的重点是市人员与人口有效互动的培训和为形成地方自治机构的积极形象创造必要条件。第一章是绪论。在绪论中讲解研究背景、问题陈述、学习的意义和目的、文献评论、主要研究内容、方法论和机构。在第二章?研究的理论基础?介绍了研究报告的概念,它是基于系统的分析的原理、也基于组合机构性和功能性的方法来研究在人民中形成地方政府的形象,以及在这个过程中市政服务的专业化的因素的作用。因此,问题中基本概念的研究建立在如“地方自治政府”“地方政府的形象”“市政服务”“职业化进程”等社会思考的基础上。在课题研究范围内,确定了研究方案,研究作为地方自治政府整个系统发展资源的政府形象。选用卢曼交际理论作为理论基础,在该理论的基础上可以确定,作为对地方自治政府工作结果的评价,形象是一种媒介,它带有评价与派生性,对人们产生影响,将他们的反应模型化,形成对市政机关的固定态度。作为一种交际方式,形象完成了对目标形成积极态度的功能。因此,在树立良好形象的过程中,地方自治机关关心的是,其办事结果被人民所接受,而且这种接受是自愿的,因为这有助于地方自治机关与人民的亲近,有助于增加对市政当局的最终信任度。在塑造地方自治政府形象时,最重要因素是市政服务的专业化。鉴于这些方面,论文中将市政服务的专业化定为一种社会过程,其构成要素为市政人员职业制度化,劳动特性和内容的数量与质量的变化,独特职业文化的形成与发展,在工作中使用专业技术的能力的提高。专业化的形象塑造职能在于,它决定了人员办公的质量,是地方自治政府形象结构中最重要的因素之一。本文表明以下内容:首先,官员的能力决定了管理成效,也就决定了公民在解决问题方面的满意度;其次,专业性很大程度上决定了地方政府与不同社会群体的关系,这些社会群体是评价政府工作的最重要的主体。在第三章?布里亚特共和国的地方政府形象?中,说明了对布里亚特共和国每一个市地方自治机关的形象状态的研究结果,表现出主要问题范围。形象评价指标与分数的结合,是研究方法的基础,首先能确定具体市政府的地方自治形象是负面的,亦或是正面的;其次,能通过地方自治机关形象的组合,形成相对一致的市政府分组;第三,揭示出相应分组中市政职员的职业化水平。为了评估形象使用一组指标:人民对当地自治机关工作的满意度,对自治机关信息公开性的满意度,人民对市政职员工作的看法,对市政领导工作的态度。这样,在对布里亚特共和国的每个城市自治机关工作人民满意度的分析中,采用两个变量:本年度满意度数值(由受访者中,给出肯定回答的数量所占百分比确定;指标在0%—100%范围内)和居民满意度的动态(本年度与上一年度满意度的差值)。结合这些标准,得到概括性指标,该指标根据居民对其工作的评价,表明了地方自治机关的形象,并能确定每个市辖区的地位。居民对地方自治机关工作的满意或不满意与市政雇员的专业工作结果直接相关。除了当地政府的居民满意度,政府形象的指标还有:居民对地方自治机构信息公开的满意度;人民对市政职员工作的看法;对市政领导工作的态度。在第四章“市政雇员的专业化对布里亚特共和国地方政府形象的影响分析”中,为了确立地方自治政府形象与市政雇员专业化的关系,本文在标准化方法的基础上,计算了市政服务专业化对的综合指标。为了这个目的,将绝对数据换算为相对测量单位,因为数据的可比性是通过用相对数量代替绝对数量来实现的。最大值和最小值(关键点)在研究中获得的专业化数据的基础上确定。使用的所有指数的方差在同一数量级,而实际数值的离散完全覆盖了0到1000。这样,归一化指数的值描述了布里亚特共和国某市与其它自治市相比的位置。得到的结果表明:首先,可以通过市政服务中职员的专业化水平,对布里亚特共和国的自治市政府进行比较;其次,可以跟踪2014-2016年专业化水平的变化矢量;第三,可以揭示专业化指数的变化和当地自治政府形象之间的关联。最终显示出以下关联:市政服务专业化指标的改变(增大或减小),会引起地方自治政府在民众中形象的相应变化。在第五章?为发展地方政府形象的市政服务专业化管理的改善?中,讨论了该过程中管理影响技术化的可能性,这是社会管理的一种形式——主体有目的的活动,通过创建或条件校正条件(法律,组织,物力,财力等)调控实现市政雇员专业化的客观进程,以满足市政府的需求和功能,塑造当地政府在人民中的正面形象。市政服务的专业化管理技术,在本文中视为算法上已完成操作和行政决策的系统,该系统的实现保证了市政雇员潜能的发展,专业优秀个人素质和专业能力的取得及完善。市政服务的专业化管理,宜从三个主要方面来实现:1)行政影响,旨在找出具有组织能力并倾向于从事管理活动的年轻人;他希望选择并取得高等教育中管理专业相关的职业(最初的专业化),在地方自治机关的工作过程中不断学习——周期性提高能力,自学,内部培训(二级专业化);2)在市政服务期间在人力资源技术帮助下(二级专业化)管理影响。采用传统的人力资源技术(替换市政空缺职位的竞赛,考核,技能鉴定考试,人才储备的形成)很多创新的人力资源技术,能使实际的和潜在的人力资源积极起来,这些资源有助于提高市政雇员的专业化水平;3)与职业文化发展和市政雇员的行为品德有关的行政影响,应旨在,在市政雇员的工作中接受和积极采用职业道德的法规,职业文化形成与职务提升的固然联系,对考核、技能鉴定考试、补充培训中专业进步的奖励机制。目前,需要在专项程序方法的基础上,制定和实施市政服务专业化体系。所提出的专业化管理体系的具体体现可以是,塑造形象方向的市政服务专业化计划,该计划应能保证分阶段采取旨在树立地方自治机关正面形象的措施。计划应该包括:第一,人民对地方自治机关支持度初始状态的分析,该分析基于进行社会调查以及对所得数据的分析;第二,制定和实施一系列措施,旨在形成对市政服务的积极社会评价;第三,通过良好社会评价和相应形象的形成,监控和调整市政服务专业化体系。最后对研究进行总结,针对职权范围内在该方向保证市政服务的专业化管理的过程中的不同因素,提出切实可行的建议。
[Abstract]:The practice of the local autonomous government of the Russian Federation shows that there are some unfavorable conditions for the specialization of the Municipal Service system, including the mismatch between the professional potential of the employees and the content of the labor under the rapidly changing social and economic conditions, the subjectivity in dealing with personnel problems, and small groups, etc. All these show that it is necessary to understand the impact of the specialization of municipal services on the image of local self-government institutions, which confirms that there are scientific theories and practical needs to formulate and implement the generalization of the specialization of municipal services. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to take the concept of the management mechanism of municipal services specialization as an important factor in the formation of the image of local government. The overall and stable image of the local government in the consciousness of the masses and/or individuals depends on the satisfaction of the citizens in communicating with the local government; 2. The concept of specialized municipal services is proposed. 3. Determine the dependence of the formation of the positive image of the local self-governing institutions among the people on the level of professional competence of municipal employees in the process of secondary specialization. The focus of these projects is on the training of effective interaction between municipal personnel and the population and the creation of necessary conditions for the formation of a positive image of local self-government institutions. Chapter 1 is an introduction. The introduction explains the research background, problem statement, significance and purpose of learning, literature review, main research contents, methodology and institutions. Chapter 2 is the theory of the study. Foundation? Introduces the concept of the research report, which is based on the principles of systematic analysis, and is based on a combination of institutional and functional methods to study the role of the factors that shape the image of the local government among the people and the specialization of municipal services in the process. On the basis of social considerations such as governing government, the image of local government, municipal services and the process of professionalization, this paper defines the research scheme and studies the image of government as a resource for the development of the whole system of local autonomous government within the scope of the study. As an evaluation of the results of the work of the local autonomous government, image is a kind of medium, which has the nature of evaluation and derivation, exerts an influence on people, models their reactions, and forms a fixed attitude toward the municipal organs. In the process, the local autonomous organs are concerned about the acceptance by the people of the outcome of their work, and this acceptance is voluntary, because it contributes to the closeness of the local autonomous organs to the people and to the ultimate confidence in the municipalities. In shaping the image of the local autonomous government, the most important factor is the professionalization of municipal services. In some respects, the specialization of municipal services is defined as a social process, which consists of the institutionalization of the profession of municipal personnel, the changes in the quantity and quality of labor characteristics and contents, the formation and development of a unique professional culture, and the enhancement of the ability to use professional techniques in work. The quality of the staff office is one of the most important factors in the image structure of the local autonomous government. This paper shows the following contents: first, the ability of officials determines the effectiveness of management, which also determines the satisfaction of citizens in solving problems; secondly, the professionalism largely determines the relationship between the local government and different social groups. Social groups are the most important subjects in evaluating the work of the government. In Chapter III, the image of the local government of the Republic of Buryat, the results of the study on the image of the local autonomous organs of each municipality in the Republic of Buryat are described, showing the scope of the main problems. Firstly, we can determine whether the image of local autonomy of a specific municipal government is negative or positive; secondly, we can form a relatively consistent grouping of municipal governments through the combination of images of local autonomous organs; thirdly, we can reveal the professional level of municipal staff in the corresponding grouping. In this way, in the analysis of the satisfaction of the working people of each municipal autonomous organ in the Republic of Buryat, two variables are used: the value of this year's satisfaction (given by the respondents in the affirmative return) According to these criteria, a general index is obtained, which shows the image of local autonomous organs and the status of each municipal district according to the residents'evaluation of their work. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the work of local autonomous organs is directly related to the results of professional work of municipal employees. In addition to the satisfaction of local government residents, the indicators of government image are: residents'satisfaction with the information disclosure of local autonomous organs; people's views on the work of municipal staff; and their attitude towards the work of municipal leadership. In order to establish the relationship between the image of local autonomous government and the specialization of municipal employees, this paper calculates the comprehensive index of the specialization of municipal services on the basis of the standardized method. Units, because comparability of data is achieved by replacing absolute quantities with relative quantities. Maximums and minimum values (key points) are determined on the basis of specialized data obtained in the study. Variances of all indices used are of the same order of magnitude, while actual values are completely covered by the dispersion of 0 to 1000. Thus, the values of the normalized indices are determined. The location of a municipality in the Republic of Buryat compared with other municipalities is described. The results show that, firstly, the municipal government of the Republic of Buryat can be compared by the level of professionalization of its staff in municipal services; secondly, the change vector of the level of professionalization in 2014-2016 can be traced; and thirdly, the professional index can be revealed. The relationship between the changes in the number of municipal services and the image of the local autonomous government shows the following correlation: the change of the index of municipal services specialization (increase or decrease) will cause the image of the local autonomous government to change accordingly among the people. In-process management affects the possibility of technicalization, which is a form of social management-purposeful activities of the main body, through the creation or conditioning of conditions (law, organization, material, financial, etc.) to regulate and control the realization of the objective process of municipal employees'professionalization, in order to meet the needs and functions of the municipal government and shape the positive shape of the local government among the people In this paper, the professional management technology of municipal services is regarded as a system of operation and administrative decision-making which has been completed in algorithm. The realization of this system guarantees the development of the potential of municipal employees, the acquisition and perfection of outstanding professional personal qualities and professional abilities. The aim is to identify young people with organizational skills who are inclined to engage in management activities; he wants to choose and acquire management-related professions in higher education (initial specialization) and to continue to learn in the work of local self-government organs - periodic improvement, self-study, internal training (secondary specialization); and municipal services. With the help of human resource technology (secondary specialization) during the period of management influence, many innovative human resource technologies, such as traditional human resource technology (competition, assessment, skill appraisal examination, formation of talent reserve for replacing vacant municipal positions), can activate the actual and potential human resources, and these resources can help to improve the city. 3) The administrative influence related to the development of professional culture and the behavior and morality of municipal employees should be aimed at accepting and actively adopting the rules of professional ethics in the work of municipal employees, forming a definite link between professional culture and job promotion, and rewarding professional progress in assessment, skill appraisal examination and supplementary training. At present, it is necessary to formulate and implement a specialized system of municipal services on the basis of special procedures and methods. The proposed system of specialized management can be embodied in a plan to create an image of municipal services, which should ensure that measures aimed at establishing a positive image of local autonomous organs are taken in stages. It should include: firstly, the analysis of the initial state of the people's support for local self-government organs, which is based on social surveys and the analysis of the data obtained; secondly, the formulation and implementation of a series of measures aimed at forming a positive social evaluation of municipal services; thirdly, the monitoring and adjustment of municipal services through good social evaluation and the formation of corresponding images Finally, the paper summarizes the research and puts forward practical suggestions for the different factors in the process of ensuring the professional management of municipal services within the scope of authority.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D751.2
，
本文编号：2234326
[Abstract]:The practice of the local autonomous government of the Russian Federation shows that there are some unfavorable conditions for the specialization of the Municipal Service system, including the mismatch between the professional potential of the employees and the content of the labor under the rapidly changing social and economic conditions, the subjectivity in dealing with personnel problems, and small groups, etc. All these show that it is necessary to understand the impact of the specialization of municipal services on the image of local self-government institutions, which confirms that there are scientific theories and practical needs to formulate and implement the generalization of the specialization of municipal services. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to take the concept of the management mechanism of municipal services specialization as an important factor in the formation of the image of local government. The overall and stable image of the local government in the consciousness of the masses and/or individuals depends on the satisfaction of the citizens in communicating with the local government; 2. The concept of specialized municipal services is proposed. 3. Determine the dependence of the formation of the positive image of the local self-governing institutions among the people on the level of professional competence of municipal employees in the process of secondary specialization. The focus of these projects is on the training of effective interaction between municipal personnel and the population and the creation of necessary conditions for the formation of a positive image of local self-government institutions. Chapter 1 is an introduction. The introduction explains the research background, problem statement, significance and purpose of learning, literature review, main research contents, methodology and institutions. Chapter 2 is the theory of the study. Foundation? Introduces the concept of the research report, which is based on the principles of systematic analysis, and is based on a combination of institutional and functional methods to study the role of the factors that shape the image of the local government among the people and the specialization of municipal services in the process. On the basis of social considerations such as governing government, the image of local government, municipal services and the process of professionalization, this paper defines the research scheme and studies the image of government as a resource for the development of the whole system of local autonomous government within the scope of the study. As an evaluation of the results of the work of the local autonomous government, image is a kind of medium, which has the nature of evaluation and derivation, exerts an influence on people, models their reactions, and forms a fixed attitude toward the municipal organs. In the process, the local autonomous organs are concerned about the acceptance by the people of the outcome of their work, and this acceptance is voluntary, because it contributes to the closeness of the local autonomous organs to the people and to the ultimate confidence in the municipalities. In shaping the image of the local autonomous government, the most important factor is the professionalization of municipal services. In some respects, the specialization of municipal services is defined as a social process, which consists of the institutionalization of the profession of municipal personnel, the changes in the quantity and quality of labor characteristics and contents, the formation and development of a unique professional culture, and the enhancement of the ability to use professional techniques in work. The quality of the staff office is one of the most important factors in the image structure of the local autonomous government. This paper shows the following contents: first, the ability of officials determines the effectiveness of management, which also determines the satisfaction of citizens in solving problems; secondly, the professionalism largely determines the relationship between the local government and different social groups. Social groups are the most important subjects in evaluating the work of the government. In Chapter III, the image of the local government of the Republic of Buryat, the results of the study on the image of the local autonomous organs of each municipality in the Republic of Buryat are described, showing the scope of the main problems. Firstly, we can determine whether the image of local autonomy of a specific municipal government is negative or positive; secondly, we can form a relatively consistent grouping of municipal governments through the combination of images of local autonomous organs; thirdly, we can reveal the professional level of municipal staff in the corresponding grouping. In this way, in the analysis of the satisfaction of the working people of each municipal autonomous organ in the Republic of Buryat, two variables are used: the value of this year's satisfaction (given by the respondents in the affirmative return) According to these criteria, a general index is obtained, which shows the image of local autonomous organs and the status of each municipal district according to the residents'evaluation of their work. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the work of local autonomous organs is directly related to the results of professional work of municipal employees. In addition to the satisfaction of local government residents, the indicators of government image are: residents'satisfaction with the information disclosure of local autonomous organs; people's views on the work of municipal staff; and their attitude towards the work of municipal leadership. In order to establish the relationship between the image of local autonomous government and the specialization of municipal employees, this paper calculates the comprehensive index of the specialization of municipal services on the basis of the standardized method. Units, because comparability of data is achieved by replacing absolute quantities with relative quantities. Maximums and minimum values (key points) are determined on the basis of specialized data obtained in the study. Variances of all indices used are of the same order of magnitude, while actual values are completely covered by the dispersion of 0 to 1000. Thus, the values of the normalized indices are determined. The location of a municipality in the Republic of Buryat compared with other municipalities is described. The results show that, firstly, the municipal government of the Republic of Buryat can be compared by the level of professionalization of its staff in municipal services; secondly, the change vector of the level of professionalization in 2014-2016 can be traced; and thirdly, the professional index can be revealed. The relationship between the changes in the number of municipal services and the image of the local autonomous government shows the following correlation: the change of the index of municipal services specialization (increase or decrease) will cause the image of the local autonomous government to change accordingly among the people. In-process management affects the possibility of technicalization, which is a form of social management-purposeful activities of the main body, through the creation or conditioning of conditions (law, organization, material, financial, etc.) to regulate and control the realization of the objective process of municipal employees'professionalization, in order to meet the needs and functions of the municipal government and shape the positive shape of the local government among the people In this paper, the professional management technology of municipal services is regarded as a system of operation and administrative decision-making which has been completed in algorithm. The realization of this system guarantees the development of the potential of municipal employees, the acquisition and perfection of outstanding professional personal qualities and professional abilities. The aim is to identify young people with organizational skills who are inclined to engage in management activities; he wants to choose and acquire management-related professions in higher education (initial specialization) and to continue to learn in the work of local self-government organs - periodic improvement, self-study, internal training (secondary specialization); and municipal services. With the help of human resource technology (secondary specialization) during the period of management influence, many innovative human resource technologies, such as traditional human resource technology (competition, assessment, skill appraisal examination, formation of talent reserve for replacing vacant municipal positions), can activate the actual and potential human resources, and these resources can help to improve the city. 3) The administrative influence related to the development of professional culture and the behavior and morality of municipal employees should be aimed at accepting and actively adopting the rules of professional ethics in the work of municipal employees, forming a definite link between professional culture and job promotion, and rewarding professional progress in assessment, skill appraisal examination and supplementary training. At present, it is necessary to formulate and implement a specialized system of municipal services on the basis of special procedures and methods. The proposed system of specialized management can be embodied in a plan to create an image of municipal services, which should ensure that measures aimed at establishing a positive image of local autonomous organs are taken in stages. It should include: firstly, the analysis of the initial state of the people's support for local self-government organs, which is based on social surveys and the analysis of the data obtained; secondly, the formulation and implementation of a series of measures aimed at forming a positive social evaluation of municipal services; thirdly, the monitoring and adjustment of municipal services through good social evaluation and the formation of corresponding images Finally, the paper summarizes the research and puts forward practical suggestions for the different factors in the process of ensuring the professional management of municipal services within the scope of authority.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D751.2
，
本文编号：2234326
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