中日缺陷产品召回制度比较研究

发布时间：2019-01-22 09:34

【摘要】：伴随着对产品质量消费者权益保护的不断重视与强化,才逐步衍生出缺陷产品召回制度。产品召回制度是在政府职能部门的监管下、通过产品生产经营者的实施来完成。召回程序需要产品流通领域消费者和其他相关人员的配合,其目的是保障消费者人身财产权利免受侵害。我国市场经济不断加速的进程中,由于政府监管职责不到位,企业社会责任缺乏,导致缺陷产品大量涌现,而作为弱势群体的消费者寻求救济的途径有限,从而推动了缺陷产品召回制度的产生。目前,我国在汽车、食品、药品、儿童玩具、消费品等领域已经制定了专门的召回规定或条例,切实起到了保护消费者权利的作用,但由于立法体系尚不健全,召回范围还比较狭窄,产品召回这项制度仍需完善。日本缺陷产品召回制度起步较早,相关立法层级较高,召回范围比我国广泛,召回主体分工明确,因此召回制度比较完善。尤其在汽车领域,日本召回立法对召回主体和缺陷的定义进行了详细规定,使得汽车召回制度的实践操作性较强。本文通过梳理中国与日本两国产品召回制度的立法体系,召回主体、召回范围、召回程序、法律责任等方面的内容,进行对比分析,提出完善我国缺陷产品召回制度的立法建议。正文由三部分组成:第一部分是缺陷产品召回制度概述。在此部分作者阐述了产品召回制度的基本概念、特征与意义、实行缺陷产品召回制度的必要性,以及与相关制度的区别。第二部分是中日两国缺陷产品召回制度比较研究。作者首先分析了中国产品召回的立法现状、在立法体系的基础上,归纳总结了我国召回制度中的召回主体、召回范围、召回程序以及法律责任;其次,对日本产品召回制度的立法现状进行梳理、从日本法律原文中总结出日本召回制度的召回主体、召回范围、召回程序和法律责任;最后梳理出中国、日本在缺陷产品召回制度上的区别。第三部分是我国缺陷产品召回制度存在问题与完善建议。本部分主要针对专门法的立法层级、召回范围、行业主管部门的职责、处罚力度、以及相关配套制度等问题,提出相应的完善建议。
[Abstract]:With the constant attention and strengthening of the protection of product quality consumers' rights and interests, the defective product recall system is gradually derived. Product recall system is under the supervision of government departments, through the implementation of product production operators to complete. The recall procedure requires the cooperation of consumers and other related personnel in the field of product circulation, and the purpose is to protect consumers' personal and property rights from infringement. In the accelerating process of market economy in our country, due to the lack of government supervision responsibility and the lack of corporate social responsibility, defective products emerge in large numbers, and the way for consumers, as a vulnerable group, to seek relief is limited. Therefore, it promotes the production of defective product recall system. At present, China has formulated special recall regulations or regulations in the fields of automobile, food, medicine, children's toys, consumer goods, and so on, which has actually played a role in protecting the rights of consumers, but the legislative system is not yet sound. Recall scope is still relatively narrow, product recall system still needs to be improved. The recall system of defective products in Japan started earlier, the relevant legislation level is higher, the recall scope is wider than our country, the main body of recall is clear division of labor, so the recall system is relatively perfect. Especially in the field of automobile, the Japanese recall legislation specifies the definition of recall subject and defect in detail, which makes the practice of automobile recall system more operable. By combing the legislative system, the subject, the scope, the procedure and the legal liability of the product recall system between China and Japan, this paper makes a comparative analysis. The legislative suggestion of perfecting the recall system of defective products in China is put forward. The text consists of three parts: the first part is an overview of defective product recall system. In this part, the author expounds the basic concept, characteristics and significance of the product recall system, the necessity of carrying out the defective product recall system, and the difference between the system and the related system. The second part is a comparative study of defective product recall system between China and Japan. Firstly, the author analyzes the current legislative situation of product recall in China, and on the basis of the legislative system, summarizes the recall subject, recall scope, recall procedure and legal responsibility in China's recall system. Secondly, the current legislative situation of Japanese product recall system is reviewed, and the recall subject, recall scope, recall procedure and legal liability of Japanese recall system are summarized from the original text of Japanese law. Finally, the difference between China and Japan in defective product recall system is sorted out. The third part is the defect product recall system existing problems and suggestions. This part mainly aims at the legislative level of the special law, recall scope, the responsibility of the department in charge of the industry, the degree of punishment, and the relevant supporting system, and puts forward the corresponding consummation suggestion.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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