三维数字图像相关的实时计算研究及生物医学应用

发布时间：2018-01-26 14:17

本文关键词： 三维数字图像相关法实时跟踪手术导航数字化脉诊表情重建生物医学应用　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三维数字图像相关法(Three Digital Image Correlation,3D-DIC)是一种非干涉式、非接触式,用于全场形貌、变形与运动的光学测量方法。经过近二十余年的发展,其应用领域也逐渐从传统的实验力学扩展到生命科学、医疗、工业检测等领域,同时也对3D-DIC方法提出了更高的要求,如实时性,鲁棒性等。立足于实际应用需求,本文致力于三维数字图像相关的实时性研究以及解决3D-DIC方法在生物医学领域的实际应用问题。虽然众多学者对3D-DIC的计算效率问题进行了大量研究,但仍无法满足对全场大范围密集采样点进行实时相关计算的要求,只能实现小范围和小变形假设下的实时计算。而特定的应用场合,如机器人导航、人体虚拟动画等,只需评估关键点的位移及运动。因此,退而求其次,我们尝试使用3D-DIC方法来对离散点进行实时定位跟踪,在第二章中提出了一种设置间隔的整像素搜索方法。实验证明,相比于传统方法,该方法可提升计算效率4-10倍。本章还比较了计算机视觉中的特征方法与3D-DIC方法、圆形标记点与散斑标记点的不同特点。第三章中,基于优化的3D-DIC散斑点跟踪方法,本文设计了针对于颅颌面手术的导航系统,并制作原理样机验证了其精度和可行性。同传统的红外手术操作系统所使用的球形标记点相比,散斑标记点具有布置方便,占用空间少的优势,可以满足对于各种小型物体的实时跟踪需求。在系统框架设计中,较好的解决了系统注册、拉格朗日坐标下的姿态解算、跟踪中断再续等问题。第四章中,通过模拟传统脉诊过程中医生使用三个手指对不同穴位施加压力以获得脉搏信号反馈的过程,本文搭建了基于3D-DIC方法的脉搏信号采集系统,并针对不同压力下、不同穴位的脉搏信号,结合中医理论与实践经验进行分析,验证了传统中医"寸浮尺沉"的观点。文中还计算并讨论了脉搏波波速。在较低的压力值下,脉搏波波速的计算较为准确。第五章主要研究了基于自然纹理的人脸表情重建与动画制作。文中针对自然纹理相关度较差、大变形等问题优化了计算参数,并解决了重建中的坏点过滤、空洞修补等问题。第六章介绍了 3D-DIC在手背皮肤、捕蝇草闭合的变形测量以及印制线路板的三维形貌的应用,主要解决了照明、制斑等一系列工程问题。同其他方法相比,3D-DIC能够进行全场测量,在后期的数据处理与分析中具有极大的优势。
[Abstract]:Three Digital Image correlation (3D-DICs) is a kind of non-interference and non-contact method, which is used for full-field morphologies. After more than 20 years of development, its application field has gradually expanded from traditional experimental mechanics to life science, medical treatment, industrial detection and so on. At the same time, the 3D-DIC method is also put forward higher requirements, such as real-time, robustness and so on, based on the actual application requirements. This paper is devoted to the real-time research of 3D digital image correlation and the practical application of 3D-DIC method in biomedical field, although many scholars have made great efforts to solve the computational efficiency problem of 3D-DIC. Quantitative research. However, it still can not meet the demand of real-time correlation calculation for large-scale dense sampling points. It can only realize real-time calculation under the assumption of small range and small deformation, and specific applications, such as robot navigation. Human virtual animation only needs to evaluate the displacement and motion of the key points. Therefore, we try to use 3D-DIC method to track discrete points in real time. In the second chapter, an integer pixel search method with interval is proposed, which is compared with the traditional method. This method can improve the computational efficiency 4-10 times. This chapter also compares the characteristic method and 3D-DIC method in computer vision, the different characteristics of circular marking point and speckle marking point. Chapter 3. Based on the optimized 3D-DIC speckle tracking method, a navigation system for craniomaxillofacial surgery is designed. Compared with the spherical marking points used in the traditional infrared surgery operation system, the speckle marking points have the advantages of convenient layout and less space. It can meet the real-time tracking requirements for a variety of small objects. In the system framework design, the system registration, Lagrange coordinate attitude solution, tracking interruption and other issues. Chapter 4th. By simulating the process of doctors applying pressure on different acupoints to obtain pulse signal feedback during traditional pulse diagnosis, a pulse signal acquisition system based on 3D-DIC method is built in this paper. And according to different pressure, different acupoints pulse signal, combined with TCM theory and practical experience to analyze. This paper verifies the traditional Chinese medicine's viewpoint of "cun floating ruler sinking". The pulse wave velocity is also calculated and discussed under the lower pressure value. The calculation of pulse wave velocity is more accurate. Chapter 5th mainly studies facial expression reconstruction and animation production based on natural texture. In this paper, the calculation parameters are optimized for the poor correlation of natural texture and large deformation. In chapter 6th, the application of 3D-DIC in the skin of the back of the hand, the deformation measurement of fly grass closure and the 3D appearance of printed circuit board are introduced. A series of engineering problems, such as lighting and spot making, are mainly solved. Compared with other methods, 3D-DIC is able to carry out full-field measurement and has great advantages in data processing and analysis in the later stage.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R318;TP391.41

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