宋代市民的佛教信仰研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 10:22

本文选题：宋代　切入点：市民　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：陈寅恪先生说:“华夏民族之文化,历数千载之演进,造极于赵宋之世。”(1)可见于有宋一代,无论在政治、经济、文化都达到了鼎峰状态,因为在宋时社会的阶级结构发生了不同程度的变化,如佛道儒思想的融合及世俗化,文化从精英文化转向世俗文化。理学的出现,市民阶层的产生。在这样一个变革的环境中,宋代市民的佛教信仰呈现出独有的特点与面貌。所以本文以宋代市民的佛教信仰为研究对象,从历史学的角度出发,借鉴社会学,心理学,宗教学等一些研究方法,研究宋代市民佛教信仰的生活状况,市民们真实的生存状态,群体心理以及状况背后的深层次的社会文化和心理内涵。全文分为三部分:绪论、正文和结语。绪论讲述的内容是研究宋代市民佛教信仰的具体情况意义和探讨宋代市民佛教信仰的范围,回溯了研究市民佛教信仰的概况。正文部分主要是对市民的佛教信仰进行论述,首先正文的第一部分,讲述的是宋代市民佛教信仰的具体表现,从家庭生活和社会交往中出发,以了解他们生活中是如何实践自身佛教信仰的情况。从中得知,市民在家中主要是以诵经拜佛等简单的修行为主,在家庭重要日子里,如新生儿出生会开办洗儿会,丧葬时多会做道场,但这类佛事活动是市民中比较富贵的家庭会采取的方式;在社会交往中主要是经济交往和参加佛事活动。其次第二部分,主要是对情况分析后,论述市民佛教信仰呈现的特点:宗教意识与世俗意识的融合,促使了佛教世俗化的加深。佛教道德性的突出,是让其更加的融合进儒家文化,在中国站住脚跟,也有利于自身素质提高。想象创造的心理,是让佛教系统中的神佛形象具体化,便于僧尼人员的宣扬。然后第三部分是探讨了市民信仰佛教的原因:有外部环境的影响,如统治者的政策支持,以及僧尼的宣扬帮助,也有内部因素的影响,更多是佛教能满足市民自身的心理需求,能给市民带来慰藉,以及把握住市民的情感因素,正是内外因的结合,才有更多愿意实践佛教信仰的市民。最后探讨了市民佛教信仰给当时以及后世带来的影响,即有消极的一面,也有积极的一面,两者中达到平衡状态,才给社会带来如此明显的变化。结语部分就是对宋代市民的佛教信仰进行了小结,从当时社会为出发点,并分析到了对现世的意义。
[Abstract]:Mr. Chen Yinke said: "the culture of the Chinese nation, which has evolved for thousands of years, was built in the period of Zhao and Song dynasties." it can be seen in the Song Dynasty, whether in politics, economy, and culture, which has reached a state of pinnacle. Because in the Song Dynasty, the social class structure changed to different degrees, such as the fusion and secularization of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, and the cultural change from elite culture to secular culture. The Buddhist beliefs of the citizens of the Song Dynasty show unique characteristics and features. Therefore, this paper takes the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens of the Song Dynasty as the research object, and from the perspective of history, draws lessons from some research methods such as sociology, psychology, religion and so on. This paper studies the living conditions of the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens of the Song Dynasty, the real living conditions of the citizens, the group psychology and the deep social culture and psychological connotation behind the conditions. The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, The content of the introduction is to study the specific situation and significance of the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens of the Song Dynasty and to explore the scope of the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens of the Song Dynasty. Looking back at the general situation of the study on the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens, the main body part is mainly about the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens. The first part of the text is about the concrete manifestation of the Buddhist beliefs of the citizens of the Song Dynasty, starting from family life and social exchanges. In order to understand how they practice their own Buddhist beliefs in their lives, we can learn from the fact that people in their homes mainly practice simple practices such as chanting scriptures and worshipping Buddhas. During important days in their families, such as the birth of newborns, they hold child baptism sessions. Most of them do Taoism centers when they are buried, but this kind of Buddhist activity is the way that the wealthier families of the people will adopt; in social exchanges, it is mainly economic exchanges and participation in Buddhist activities. Secondly, the second part is mainly an analysis of the situation. This paper discusses the characteristics of the Buddhist belief of the citizens: the fusion of religious consciousness and secular consciousness promotes the deepening of secularization of Buddhism. The prominent moral character of Buddhism is to make it more integrated into the Confucian culture and to establish its foothold in China. It is also conducive to the improvement of one's own quality. The mentality of imagination and creation is to concretize the image of God and Buddha in the Buddhist system and facilitate the propaganda of monks and nuns. Then the third part discusses the reasons why citizens believe in Buddhism: it has the influence of external environment. For example, the policy support of the rulers and the help of monks and nuns also have the influence of internal factors. More importantly, Buddhism can satisfy the psychological needs of the citizens, bring comfort to the people, and grasp the emotional factors of the citizens. It is because of the combination of internal and external causes that more citizens are willing to practice their Buddhist beliefs. Finally, the influence of the Buddhist belief of the citizens on the time and future generations is discussed, that is, there is both a negative and a positive side, and a balance is achieved between the two. The conclusion part is a summary of the Buddhist beliefs of the people of the Song Dynasty, starting from the society at that time, and analyzing the significance to the present world.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B949;K244

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