清末早期驻日公使对日本的认识及其外交实践

发布时间：2018-03-16 02:00

本文选题：清末　切入点：驻日公使　出处：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中日两国签署的《中日修好条规》中规定了双方可互派使节,从1877年开始到甲午战争之前清政府共派出了六任五位公使,分别为何如璋、黎庶昌、徐承祖、李经方和汪凤藻,黎庶昌在第二、四任上两次出使,本文对这五位公使对日本的认识和外交实践进行了探讨。驻日公使对日本的认识方面,本文以其对明治维新后日本国情和侵略扩张活动的认识为重点,探讨这批驻日公使对日本国力和战争倾向性的判断。在外交实践方面,随着中日之间关系的变化,各任公使在具体事务处理重点方面也有所不同,本文以最能体现各任公使对日本的认识和自身对日外交策略的事件为中心进行了探讨,即何如璋在前期琉球问题和朝鲜开港上的策略、黎庶昌的壬午出兵意见与后期琉球问题、徐承祖的甲申撤兵和长崎事件处理、李经方在"中日友好"方面的努力以及汪凤藻在甲午战争前夕的交涉。驻日公使们认识到日本明治维新是一场走向现代化的变革,通过改革日本逐渐走上富强的道路,他们的对日认识为清政府决策提供了一定依据,但是始终存在着轻日心态和对日认识不充分的问题,这种轻日心态和对日本认识的不充分在出使后期影响了清政府对形势的判断。对比而言,何如璋、黎庶昌以及徐承祖这三位公使对日本的认识更符合客观事实,在外交实践中遇有紧急事务也能够及时向清政府建言献策,相较之下,李经方、汪凤藻二位则有所逊色。这批清末早期驻日公使在对日外交方面有得有失,他们在国家权益、国家尊严方面的争取是值得肯定的,而在处理事务方面的失当之处,需要客观理性分析,这与个人能力有所关联,更多的却要受到国家的影响。
[Abstract]:The "regulations on Sino-Japanese rapprochement" signed by China and Japan stipulate that the two sides may send envoys to each other. From 1877 until the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Qing government dispatched six and five ambassadors, he Ruzhang, Li Suchang, Xu Chengzu, Li Jingfang, and Wang Fengzao. Li Shuchang made two missions in the second and fourth terms. This paper discusses the understanding and diplomatic practice of the five ambassadors to Japan. In terms of understanding of Japan by the Minister stationed in Japan, This paper focuses on his understanding of the national conditions and aggressive and expanding activities of Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and discusses the judgments of these ambassadors on Japan's national strength and the tendency of war. In diplomatic practice, with the changes in Sino-Japanese relations, Each minister is also different in terms of the focus of his specific affairs. This paper focuses on the events that best reflect his understanding of Japan and his own diplomatic strategy towards Japan. That is, he Ruzhang's strategy in the early Ryukyu issue and the opening of the North Korean port, Li's views on sending troops to the army and the later Ryukyu issue, the withdrawal of Xu Chengzu's Jia Shen and the handling of the Nagasaki incident. Li Jingfang's efforts in "Sino-Japanese Friendship" and Wang Fengzao's negotiations on the eve of the Sino-Japanese War. The ambassadors in Japan realized that the Meiji Restoration of Japan was a change toward modernization and gradually embarked on the road of prosperity and strength through reform. Their understanding of Japan provided a certain basis for the Qing government to make decisions, but there were always problems of light Japanese mentality and insufficient understanding of Japan. This light Japanese mentality and inadequate understanding of Japan affected the Qing government's judgment of the situation in the latter part of the diplomatic service. In contrast, the three ministers he Ruzhang, Li Suchang and Xu Chengzu were more in line with the objective facts. In diplomatic practice, in the event of urgent affairs, they can also provide timely advice to the Qing government. In contrast, Li Jingfang and Wang Fengzao were inferior. These early envoys stationed in Japan in the late Qing Dynasty had some gains and losses in diplomacy with Japan, and they had national rights and interests. The struggle for national dignity is worthy of recognition, and the mishandling of affairs requires objective and rational analysis, which is related to the ability of the individual and more affected by the state.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D829.313;K252

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