汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 23:12

本文选题：汉江流域　切入点：六朝　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：六朝时期的砖室墓十分流行,墓砖作为砌筑墓室的必要材料,广泛出土于这个时期的墓葬之中,附着于墓砖上的各种纹饰就进入了人们的研究视野。就汉江流域六朝时期的墓砖纹饰而言,前辈学者已有研究,然而稍显不足的是,这些研究成果往往局限于汉江流域部分区域的某一墓葬或是某些墓葬的墓砖纹饰,并没有出现系统性和综合性的研究成果。近些年来,在汉江流域已经考古发掘了不少六朝时期的墓葬,大量墓砖纹饰材料的积累使得综合研究成为可能。本文将对收集到的这些墓砖纹饰进行解构,做出分类和分期研究,旨在探索汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰背后隐藏的历史信息和社会背景。本文还就考古简报中,对原有部分墓砖铭文的释读,提出了新的看法。论文正文分为五个部分:第一部分:绪论。介绍本文的选题目的和意义、研究内容与方法,从空间和时间角度界定了所要研究的对象,总结学者对汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰已有的研究成果。第二部分:六朝墓砖出土资料概况。梳理收集到的汉江流域六朝墓葬材料。汉江上游地区六朝墓葬共11座,大型墓7座,中小型墓4座,时代为西晋至南朝梁;汉江中游地区六朝墓葬共46座,大型墓4座,中小型墓42座,时代为西晋至南朝梁·,汉江下游地区六朝墓葬52共座,大型墓26座,中小型墓26座,时代为孙吴至南朝梁。共计109座墓葬。并对墓葬的形制规模、墓砖纹饰的种类进行简要介绍。第三部分:六朝墓砖纹饰分类及分期研究。对墓葬所见的纹饰深度解构,依据各类纹饰的性质特征,将其分为几何纹饰、佛教纹饰、仙道纹饰、人物故事纹饰、其他纹饰和铭文六大类,同时进行分期研究,可分为四期:第一期孙吴西晋时期、第二期东晋时期、第三期南朝早期、第四期南朝晚期。研究发现:孙吴西晋时期的墓砖纹饰,以各类几何纹饰为主,除了某种几何纹单独出现外,还多以两到三种几何纹互相组合的形式出现。东晋时期,波折纹、重圈纹作为墓砖纹饰开始出现,大部分几何纹仍然使用。从南朝早期开始,莲花纹、忍冬纹和鱼纹开始兴起,但仍旧使用几何纹。从南朝晚期开始,使用几何纹文的种类减少,鱼纹不见,佛教纹饰和人物故事纹饰开始出现并流行开来,仙道纹饰中的四神纹较早见于孙吴时期,至南朝晚期则十分流行,而且形式也更加丰富。钱纹贯穿了汉江流域整个六朝时期,并常常与各种几何纹组合出现,或是与莲花纹和忍冬纹相结合,只是有是否具备四出线及四出线是否伸出钱廓的细微差别。就墓砖砖铭内容来看,指示说明类铭文见于孙吴西晋时期和南朝晚期,但其余四类铭文的时代变化特征不明显。第四部分:六朝墓砖纹饰的文化内涵和时代背景。利用史料,简要分析六朝时期各个政权在汉江流域的统治情况,孙吴仅有汉江下游地区,东晋、刘宋、萧齐和萧梁拥有的全部地区,陈朝又缩减到汉江下游地区,解释了孙吴和陈朝的墓葬在汉江流域发现较少的原因。汉江流域孙吴、东晋的墓砖纹饰差异不大的原因是受到汉魏以来薄葬风气的影响。南朝时期,由于全国范围内佛教的兴起,使得汉江流域此时的墓砖纹饰风格大为转变。因而,造成这个时期墓砖纹饰改变的主要原因是宗教因素的影响。特别是萧梁时期,以梁武帝为首的上层社会对佛教的信奉崇拜,扩大了佛教的社会影响力。这个时期墓砖上的佛教纹饰急剧增加。除佛教因素纹饰在墓砖上出现之外,道教、儒教因素纹饰也有见到,三教互相融通,佛教占据主流,反映出六朝时期的文化包容性和思想开放性。汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰呈现出区域内部的差异。汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰在继承汉代的基础之上,有所创新和发展,继而影响到这一地区隋唐时期的墓砖纹饰。第五部分:结语。对前面的章节概况性总结,就汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰研究情况得出六点认识,并谈到了本文的不足之处。总之,本文通过对汉江流域六朝墓砖纹饰的综合研究,从时代背景和文化内涵两方面阐释了墓砖纹饰发生变化的原因,这有助于深化我们对汉江流域六朝时期社会历史风貌的认识。
[Abstract]:The Six Dynasties brick tomb tomb brick is very popular, as a necessary material masonry tomb, unearthed in the period of extensive burials, all decorations attached to the tomb brick on the research into the people's vision. On the Hanjiang River Basin during the period of Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration, researchers these predecessors, but slightly less is a grave these studies are limited in the Hanjiang River Basin in some areas or some tomb brick ornamentation, and no systematic and comprehensive research achievements. In recent years, in the Hanjiang River Basin has a lot of archaeological excavations in the Six Dynasties tomb, a tomb brick decoration materials because of the accumulation of comprehensive research possible. This paper will be to collect these tomb brick decoration deconstruction, make classification and staging research, aimed at exploring the Hanjiang River Basin behind the Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration hidden information and social history King. This paper also archaeological presentation, interpretation of the original part of the brick tomb inscriptions, proposed a new view. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part: introduction. Introduces the purpose and significance of this topic, the research contents and methods, from the perspective of space and time is defined to be the object of the research. Summary of scholars in the Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick ornamentation of the existing research results. The second part: the Six Dynasties tomb unearthed materials of Hanjiang River Basin. Brick six tombs combing materials collected in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. The tombs of Six Dynasties were 11 cities, 7 large tombs, tomb 4 times in small, into the Western Jin Dynasty to the southern Liang in the middle reaches of Hanjiang River; a total of 46 large six tombs, tomb 4 seat, 42 seat in the small tomb, the era into the Western Jin Dynasty to the southern Liang, middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River six tombs 52 seat, 26 seat in the large tomb, tomb 26 times as small, Sun Wu to southern Liang. A total of 109 tombs and burial. The scale, type of tomb brick decoration are briefly introduced. The third part: and stage of the Six Dynasties tomb brick ornamentation. The depth of ornamentation of the tombs of the deconstruction, based on the nature of all kinds of decorative features, which can be divided into geometric patterns, Buddhist patterns, mystical character story decoration, decoration, decoration and other inscriptions in six categories at the same time, staging, can be divided into four phases: the first phase of the second period of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, third dynasties and early fourth, the late period of the Southern Dynasties. The study found that: the Western Jin Dynasty tomb brick decoration, with various geometric patterns, in addition to some geometric patterns appearing alone, also appeared in the two to three kinds of geometric patterns combined to form. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, twists and turns of lines, circles as the tomb brick decoration lines began to appear, most still use the geometric pattern. Beginning from the early Lotus, honeysuckle pattern and fish lines began to rise, but still The use of geometric patterns. From the beginning of the period, reduce the use of different geometric patterns, the fish can not see, the Buddhist ornamentation and the character story decoration began to appear and spread, Sendoh decoration of the four gods lines earlier in the Sun Wu period to the late is very popular, but also in the form of more abundant money lines throughout the Hanjiang River Basin. The Six Dynasties, and often appear with various geometric patterns, or combined with lotus and honeysuckle pattern, only have four line and four line is out of money. The nuances of profile brick tomb inscription content, the instructions found in the Western Jin Dynasty and the late Sun Wu, but the changes of the times the characteristics of the remaining four found is not obvious. The fourth part: the Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration culture connotation and the background. The use of historical data, a brief analysis of various dynasties regime in the Hanjiang River Basin, Sun Wu In the lower reaches of Hanjiang River, only the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Song, Xiao Qi and Liang area all have, Chen Chao and cut to the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, explained Sun Wu and Chen Dynasty tombs found fewer reasons in the Hanjiang River Basin. The Hanjiang River Sun Wu, little difference of the Eastern Jin Dynasty tomb brick decoration was of funeral custom by the Han and Wei dynasties. The Southern Dynasties period, due to the rise of national scope of Buddhism, making the tomb of Hanjiang River style changed considerably. Therefore, the main cause of the period of the tomb brick decoration is a change in the influence of religious factors. Especially in the Liang Dynasty Liang period, led by the upper class of Buddhist belief in worship and expand the social influence of Buddhism. During this period muzhuan on Buddhist patterns increased dramatically. In addition to the Buddhist factors of ornamentation in the tomb brick appears on the outside, Taoism, Confucianism has seen three factors of ornamentation, mutual accommodation, Buddha Teach the mainstream, reflects the culture of the Six Dynasties period of inclusiveness and openness. The thought of Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration showing a difference within the region. The Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration on the Han Dynasty on the basis of inheritance, innovation and development, and then affect the region during the Sui and Tang tomb brick decoration. The fifth part: the conclusion of the previous chapters. A general summary, on the Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration research obtains six point understanding, and talked about the shortcomings of this paper. In conclusion, through the comprehensive study of Hanjiang River Basin in the Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration, from the two aspects of historical background and cultural connotation to explain changes in the tomb brick decoration and this will help deepen our understanding of social history of Hanjiang River Basin during the period of Six Dynasties.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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