宁夏旱区膜下滴灌水肥耦合对马铃薯产量及肥料利用率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-01 10:07

本文关键词： 马铃薯均匀设计水肥耦合回归模型肥料利用率　出处：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：试验通过筛选,以补水量、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量为试验因素,采用均匀设计的方法通过大田试验,对宁夏旱区膜下滴灌条件下水肥耦合对马铃薯产量及肥料利用率的影响进行了研究,试验结果通过逐步回归建立相关模型,利用数学模拟的方法进行分析。分析得出主要结论如下:(1)经过优化确定的补灌灌溉制度为:补水量为55～70m3/667m2,补水时期为苗期、现蕾期和开花期三次,其中苗期和现蕾期各占补水量的25%,即13.75～17.5m3/667m2;开花期占补水量的 50%,即27.5～35m3/667m2。(2)磷肥施量对产量的影响与土壤中磷肥含量有直接关系,另外三个因素对产量的影响顺序为补水量氮肥施量钾肥施量。(3)补水量与施氮量的交互作用对马铃薯产量为协同效应,施氮量与钾肥量的交互作用对马铃薯的产量为抗颉效应,磷肥和钾肥的交互作用对马铃薯产量影响最大,施氮时应适当补水有助于增产,氮肥和钾肥最好错开施肥。(4)在实验设计范围内,补水量增加有利于提高P、K肥料利用率;施氮量和施磷量的增加有助于提高K利用率;肥料施入量增加会导致对应肥料利用率下降;补水量在60～85m3/667m2之间,N肥利用率较高。(5)试验各因素对P、N肥利用率的影响顺序与土壤本底值有关;试验因素对K肥利用率的影响顺序为:钾肥量磷肥量氮肥量补水量。(6)通过优化调整得出肥料利用率最优的水肥方案为:补水量为76.8m3/667m2,施氮量、施磷量和施钾量分别为2.0kg/667m2、3.4kg/667m2、2.3kg/667m2。与产量优化模型相比,施肥普遍较低,即提高肥料利用率和提高产量品质无法同时得到满足。(7)水肥方案与土壤本底值参数有关,根据产量模型优化结果,与肥料利用率分析,推荐水肥方案为:补水量55～70m3/667m2,氮肥量5.5～10.5kg/667m2,磷肥量7.0～18.0kg/667m2,钾肥,5.0～6.0kg/667m2,具体的水肥施量应可根据土壤本底值适当确定。该研究对制定合理的水肥管理制度、提高水分生产效率、提高作物产量、提高肥料利用效率等方面均具有重要的科学价值和现实意义,可为该地区马铃薯生产提供理论依据和技术支持。
[Abstract]:Through screening, the field experiment was carried out with the amount of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as the experimental factors, and the uniform design method was adopted. The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on potato yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip irrigation under film in arid region of Ningxia were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the optimal irrigation system is: the amount of supplementary water is 5570 m / 667 m ~ 2, the period of replenishing water is seedling stage, the stage of budding and the period of flowering are three times. The effect of phosphate fertilizer application on yield was directly related to the content of phosphorus fertilizer in soil, which accounted for 25% of the amount of water supplementation in seedling stage and bud stage, that is 13.75% 17.5 m3 / 667m2, and 50% of the amount of supplementary water at flowering stage, that is 27.535 m3 / 667m2.2respectively, and the effect of phosphate fertilizer application on the yield was directly related to the content of phosphorus fertilizer in soil. The other three factors had a synergistic effect on the yield of potato, and the interaction between the amount of supplemental water and the amount of nitrogen applied was a synergistic effect on the yield of potato, and the interaction between the amount of nitrogen and the amount of potassium fertilizer was antagonistic to the yield of potato. The interaction of phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer had the greatest effect on potato yield, and the proper water supply should be helpful to increase the yield of potato, and nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had better stagger fertilization. 4) in the experimental design, the increase of water supplementation rate was beneficial to increase the utilization rate of Pu K fertilizer. The increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application rate can improve the K utilization efficiency, and the increase of fertilizer application rate will lead to the decrease of the corresponding fertilizer utilization efficiency. The effects of different factors on the soil background value were related to the order of the effects of different factors on the utilization of Pu N fertilizer in the range of 60 ~ 85 m ~ (3 / 667 m ~ 2). The order of influence of experiment factors on K fertilizer utilization efficiency is: potassium fertilizer amount, phosphorus fertilizer amount, nitrogen fertilizer amount supplement water quantity. 6) through optimizing adjustment, the optimum water and fertilizer utilization plan of fertilizer utilization ratio is 76.8m3 / 667m2, and the amount of nitrogen applied. Compared with the yield optimization model, fertilization was generally lower, that is to say, increasing fertilizer efficiency and improving yield and quality could not meet the requirement of soil background value at the same time. According to the results of yield model optimization and fertilizer utilization analysis, The recommended water and fertilizer schemes were as follows: water supplement amount of 5570 m3 / 667m2.The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 5.510. 5kg / 667m2, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 7.0 ~ 18.0kg / 667m2, and the amount of potassium fertilizer was 5.0 ~ 6.0kg / 667m2.The specific amount of water and fertilizer application should be properly determined according to the soil background value. This study was aimed at establishing reasonable water and fertilizer management system, improving water production efficiency and increasing crop yield. Improving fertilizer utilization efficiency has important scientific value and practical significance, which can provide theoretical basis and technical support for potato production in this area.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532

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