牛场肥水灌溉对华北冬小麦—夏玉米轮作田土壤盐分的影响

发布时间：2018-03-01 08:50

本文关键词： 牛场肥水小麦-玉米轮作土壤盐分离子含量　出处：《天津农学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业结构调整和农业产业化的推进使中国规模化奶牛养殖得到了迅速发展。但生产过程中产生的大量粪污难以处理,不合理的排放容易造成地表水体的富营养化,渗漏后污染地下水。本论文通过2014~2016年在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田,进行不同浓度牛场肥水施用和农民习惯性施肥试验,研究牛场肥水施用下土壤盐分的变化,判断农田土壤盐渍化水平,对牛场肥水的合理利用提出依据和指导。主要试验结果如下:牛场肥水施用后,农田土壤电导率较施用前呈现上升趋势,表明含有盐分的牛场肥水施用短期内会导致农田土壤一定程度的盐分积累。在0-200cm范围内,牛场肥水处理土壤电导率与不施肥处理CK之间存在显著差异,但肥水处理下土壤电导率均未达到盐渍化水平。农民习惯施肥处理CF土壤电导率高于牛场肥水处理。在0-200cm土壤范围内,牛场肥水处理土壤电导率呈现先增加后下降的趋势,在40-120cm土层范围内出现峰值。牛场肥水施用下,土壤pH较试验前呈现增加的趋势,不同肥水处理之间土壤pH与肥水的浓度成正相关;施肥处理CF土壤pH呈现降低的趋势。在0-200cm范围内,土壤pH呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在40-120cm范围内出现最大值。牛场肥水施用后,Na+、Mg2+含量较施用前增加,K+、Ca2+含量不同时期规律不明显。不同浓度牛场肥水处理下,土壤中可溶性阳离子含量与牛场肥水浓度成正相关。Na+、K+含量在0-200cm土壤中呈现先增加后降低的趋势,Ca2+、Mg2+含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势。牛场肥水施用后,在0-200cm范围内土壤Cl-含量较施用前呈现增加的趋势,牛场肥水处理下Cl-含量随着肥水浓度呈正相关。在降雨和灌溉的作用下,土壤Cl-含量在0-200cm土层范围内,呈现上低下高的分布趋势。牛场肥水施用下土壤SO42-含量随时间呈现降低的趋势,其在土壤中的分布受到土壤pH的影响,在0-200cm土壤范围内呈现先降低后增加的趋势。试验结果显示,牛场肥水施用农田后,短期内土壤中盐分虽然呈现增加趋势,但盐分的积累不明显,盐渍化风险较低,而对于长期施用后土壤盐渍化的风险仍需继续研究。
[Abstract]:The adjustment of agricultural structure and the promotion of agricultural industrialization have made the large-scale dairy cattle breeding in China develop rapidly. However, a large amount of feces produced in the production process is difficult to deal with, and unreasonable discharge can easily lead to eutrophication of surface water. In this paper, by using winter wheat-summer maize rotation field in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation field, the effects of different concentration of fertilizer on cattle farm and farmers' habitual fertilization were studied to study the change of soil salt content under the application of fertilizer water in cattle farm during the period of 14 ~ 2016. In order to judge the salinization level of farmland soil, the basis and guidance for rational utilization of fertilizer and water in cattle farm were put forward. The main results were as follows: after applying fertilizer and water in cattle farm, the electric conductivity of farmland soil showed an upward trend compared with that before application. The results showed that the application of fertilizer and water in cattle farm with salt content would lead to a certain degree of salt accumulation in farmland soil in the short term. In the range of 0-200 cm, there was a significant difference between the electric conductivity of the soil treated with fertilizer water treatment and CK without fertilization. However, the electrical conductivity of soil under fertilizer water treatment did not reach salinization level. The electrical conductivity of CF treated with fertilizer treatment was higher than that of cattle farm treatment. In the range of 0-200 cm soil, the electric conductivity of cattle farm fertilizer water treatment increased first and then decreased. The peak value appeared in the range of 40-120cm soil layer. Under the application of fertilizer and water in cattle farm, the soil pH showed an increasing trend compared with that before the experiment, and there was a positive correlation between the soil pH and the concentration of fertilizer water among different fertilizer water treatments. In the range of 0-200 cm, the pH of CF increased first and then decreased. The maximum value was found in the range of 40-120cm. The content of Na + mg _ 2 was not obvious in different periods after the application of fertilizer water in cattle farm compared with the increase of Ca ~ (2 +) content of K _ (+) K _ (2) in cattle farm with different concentrations of fertilizer water. There was a positive correlation between the content of soluble cations in soil and the concentration of water in cattle farm. The content of Na ~ (2 +) K increased first and then decreased in 0-200cm soil. The content of Ca ~ (2 +) _ (2) mg _ (2) decreased first and then increased. In the range of 0-200cm, the Cl-content of the soil increased compared with that before application, and the Cl-content was positively correlated with the concentration of fertilizer water in the cattle farm. Under the effect of rainfall and irrigation, the Cl-content of the soil was in the range of 0-200cm soil layer. The soil so _ 4 _ 2- content decreased with time, and its distribution in the soil was affected by the soil pH. The results showed that the salt content in the soil increased in the short term, but the accumulation of salt was not obvious, and the risk of salinization was low. The risk of soil salinization after long-term application still needs to be studied.
【学位授予单位】：天津农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.11;S513

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