基于王阳明心学思想的德育实效性研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:39

本文选题：王阳明心学 + 致良知　；参考：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在实现内圣外王的途径上,王阳明心学开辟了区别于朱子理学智性之路的另外一条途径：德性之路,在当前智性学习简易化、大众化的背景下,德性之路无疑给当前的德育困境提供另外一种角度的启示。王阳明心学思想的核心指向是如何促使人们自觉、自愿地行善去恶。它首先立足于人的有限性之上,剖析了人内在的、先天的道德困境,心至善无恶,意有善有恶,心与意的绝对矛盾造成了道德行为的双向维度——有善有恶；其次,人之为人,是以人伦关系的定位而存在的,作为人,必须自觉、自愿地承担人伦责任,但许多人不愿、不能自觉承担人伦责任,在道德实践中知恶不去、知善不为。针对此道德困境,王阳明开出了一个简易可行的妙方——良知与致良知,良知人人本有、人人自有,良知至善无恶,可评判是非善恶,良知灵明、自知,可作为道德行为主体,命令道德主体自觉践行道德规范,良知即是天理,人人可以致得良知,依据良知之德性标准,良知决定自我成就高度。作为主体性的人不仅时时、事事实践人伦事务,更要做出相应的成就。王阳明认为,德育实效性必定是建立在自身德性高度基础的成就自我之路。每个人都应依据自身实际探寻自身性情中的优势,并将自身特质及优势发挥出来,去从事自身喜爱并擅长的某个职业,在该职业岗位上认真履行职业责任,为社会作出积极贡献。德育实效性要求成年主体必须知行合一、知行并进、以行为先,在日常事务中时时刻刻秉承良知,认真有效地做好当下手头事务,履行好当下的人伦责任。如果每个社会主体都能找准自身定位,依才成就自我,社会秩序也就井然有序、社会关系也会和乐融融了。正文分七个部分：第一部分,引论。对论文的选题背景、意义及王阳明德育思想的研究现状进行了阐述。第二部分,王阳明心学思想形成发展要素。任何思想都是理论与现实的结合,王阳明心学是王阳明人生智慧结晶,龙场贬谪是其人生的转折点,是其心学思想发生的起点,孟子的性善论是他良知的直接来源,明初的心学思潮也为其心学的形成提供了思想基础。第三部分,王阳明心学思想的立足点——心即理的人性论。虽然理论上人性本善、人心本善,但人生而接物,在动机上不可避免会产生恶,心意是绝对矛盾的,要保证行动上的善性,必须以心、性情工夫现知本体。第四部分,阐述王阳明以良知为核心的德育思想。依据良知本体,人人都拥有成圣资源,依据致良知工夫,形成自然分限的德性差别层次,德性层次决定自我成就高度。第五部分,王阳明心学视角下的德育实效性的评判标准。王阳明德育实效性的评判标准是动机与效果并重的评判标准,德育是德性与德行并进的过程,既重动机,更重效果,动机是效果的保障,效果是动机的实效性表现。第六部分,王阳明心学视角下的德育实效性的具体进路。德性指导德行,致知工夫程度决定了德性层次的高低,而德性的高低决定了道德责任的承担层次,道德责任的承担是在通过一生中的事上磨练成就。第七部分,王阳明心学思想对当前德育实效性的启示。根据王阳明德育思想内容,指出当前德育实效性低的表现及原因,由于“去生活化”和“去实践性”的教育理念影响,再加上功利化思想的影响,使得人们在选择人生之路时容易迷失自我。解决方法应着重建立人的主体性。德育应首先要立足人性,其次,德育是通过榜样和模范的带头作用来显现的,这对成年群体的德行提出了很高的要求,在为政者、教育者、为人父母者三类成年群体中,为政者的德行最为重要,因此,德育实效性实际上是政府为首的系统性的社会工程。
[Abstract]:In the way of realizing the inner sage, Wang Yangming's heart study opened up another way to distinguish the way of Zhu Zili's intellectual property: the road of virtue, under the background of simplification and popularization of intellectual learning, the road of virtue undoubtedly provided another angle of enlightenment to the current moral dilemma.
The core of Wang Yangming's thought of mind is how to encourage people to voluntarily and voluntarily to do evil. First, based on the finiteness of human beings, it is based on the limitations of human beings, and analyzes the inherent and innate moral dilemma of human beings, the heart is good and no evil, the intention has good and evil, the absolute contradiction between heart and meaning leads to the two-way dimension of moral behavior, which is good and evil; secondly, human being is the one. Human beings are in the position of the relationship of human relations. As people, they must voluntarily and voluntarily undertake the responsibility of human nature, but many people do not want to bear the responsibility of human nature. In moral practice, Wang Yangming has made a simple and practicable recipe for this moral dilemma, the conscience and the conscience, and the conscience of everyone. Everyone has a good conscience and no evil, but it can be judged as a non evil, good conscience, and self-knowledge, which can be regarded as the subject of moral behavior, the moral subject is commanded to practice moral norms, conscience is the principle of nature, that everyone can cause conscience, according to the standard of virtue of conscience, the conscience decides the height of my achievement. Wang Yangming believes that the effectiveness of moral education must be the path of self achievement based on the high foundation of its own virtue. We should conscientiously fulfill the responsibility of the profession and make a positive contribution to the society. The actual effect of moral education requires that the adult subject must know the unity, know and move in, act first, follow the conscience in daily affairs, conscientiously and effectively do the present hand affairs, and fulfill the present human responsibility. If each social subject can find its own position In order to achieve self fulfillment, social order will be orderly and social relations will be harmonious.
The text is divided into seven parts:
The first part is introduction. The background and significance of the topic selection and the current research situation of Wang Yangming's moral education thought are expounded.
The second part, Wang Yangming's mental thought forms the development elements. Any thought is the combination of theory and reality. Wang Yangming's heart study is the crystallization of Wang Yangming's life wisdom. The relegation of the dragon field is the turning point of his life. It is the starting point of his heart thought, and Meng Zi's theory of sexual goodness is the direct source of his conscience, and the ideological trend of thought in the early Ming Dynasty is also his heart study. Formation provides the ideological basis.
In the third part, the foothold of Wang Yangming's thought of heart is the theory of human nature. Although the theory of human nature is good, the human heart is good, but the human life will inevitably produce evil in the motive, the mind is absolutely contradictory. To ensure the good nature of the action, we must know the noumenon with the heart and the temperament.
In the fourth part, the moral education thought at the core of Wang Yangming's conscience is expounded. According to the ontology of conscience, everyone has the resources of sanctification. According to the cause of conscience, the moral distinction level of natural limit is formed, and the level of virtue determines the height of self achievement.
The fifth part is the evaluation standard of the actual effect of moral education from the perspective of Wang Yangming's heart. The evaluation standard of the actual effect of Wang Yangming's moral education is the criterion of both motivation and effect. Moral education is the process of virtue and virtue, which not only has heavy motivation, more effect, motivation is the guarantee of effect, but the effect is the actual performance of motivation.
The sixth part is the concrete approach to the actual effect of moral education from the perspective of Wang Yangming's heart. Virtue guides the virtue of virtue, and the degree of knowledge determines the level of virtue, while virtue determines the level of moral responsibility, and the commitment of moral responsibility is to hone achievements in the course of life.
The seventh part is the inspiration of Wang Yangming's Thought on the actual effect of moral education. According to the content of Wang Yangming's moral education, it points out the manifestations and reasons of the low actual effect of moral education. The influence of "go to life" and "go to practice", and the influence of utilitarianism, make people easy to be fascinated when they choose the way of life. The solution should focus on the subjectivity of the human being. Moral education should first be based on human nature. Secondly, moral education is manifested through the lead role of example and model. It puts forward high demands on the virtue of the adult group, and is the most important for the political, the educator and the parents of the three groups of adults, so the moral behavior of the political people is the most important, therefore, The actual effect of moral education is actually a systematic social project headed by the government.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D648

【参考文献】