道德激励研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 10:43
【摘要】：道德激励是以道德为中介来激发、鼓励、调动人们参与道德活动、提升道德境界、完善人格的活动。道德激励研究对于提高人们从事道德活动(和道德的活动)的积极性,推进社会主义道德建设发展,提高思想道德建设(教育)的有效性等,具有重要的意义和现实价值。 与其他类型激励活动相比,道德激励主要是运用道德手段或符合道德精神的方法来激励道德对象的道德需要,使激励对象在工作生活以及自身的道德境界、道德人格完善等方面的积极性提高。经济激励往往用经济手段以调动激励对象积极性。行政激励是针对行政领域的人员工作积极性的调动问题。社会激励就是在整个社会运行系统内,以社会制度化的形式,为实现某种既定目标,通过一定的报酬、补偿等来激发、鼓励社会成员的行为和态度。道德激励与行政激励、经济激励和社会激励等激励方式相比具有以下特点。第一,道德激励具有内在激励和外在激励统一性。道德激励一般经过由外在激励到内在激励发展的过程。通过一定的外在道德激励,渐进地发展激励对象的道德素质,由别人要我道德演进到我要道德,从而在激励对象心灵中内化成道德素质,形成了激励对象时刻都能以道德为准绳的行为习惯。第二,道德激励具有层次性和崇高性。道德激励的目的在于使激励对象追求崇高。崇高和高尚核心真谛在于为绝大多数人服务,尤其是为人民群众的利益和要求而追求道德境界提升,落实在现实的道德践履过程中,体现出崇高的道德力量。第三,道德激励具有改造主观世界和客观世界同构性。道德激励是一种追求、崇尚道德的活动,在此过程中,道德扮演着工具理性和价值理性的角色,高扬善的、正当的,鞭笞恶的、不正当的,激励对象追求正义和崇高,摈弃非正义、卑鄙等,促进了激励对象的主观世界——道德境界不断的升华和道德人格的实现。同时也改善了客观世界——人与人之间关系和谐,不断推动着人类社会的发展。第四,道德激励具有内在价值和外在价值的统一性。道德激励是运用道德为手段去激发激励对象的工作生活的积极性,提升道德境界,追求理想人格积极性,在道德激励过程中,道德既是手段也是目的,手段与目的在道德激励中具有高度统一性。第五,道德激励具有功利性与超功利性的一致性。道德激励遵从道德的本源出发来协调义与利的关系,把道义与利益协调起来。 道德激励具有三个方面的功能：其一,道德激励对于道德理性形成和发展起到加速功能；其二,道德激励在道德的认知与道德的行为、行动之间起到桥梁功能；其三,道德激励对于道德行为的激发功能。 中国特色道德激励理论的立论前提和基础是以马克思主义唯物史观为指导,出发点是现实的人(或人们),也就是真实存在着的、活动的人。道德激励的理论根据和动力源泉在于需要,而道德需要是道德激励的前提。只有人具有了道德需要,进而藉其为动力才可能在做一个有道德的人、在有益于他人和社会的事情上有所作为。道德激励的动力来源包括有道德评价、道德理想、耻感机制以及道德良心。 道德激励的内容和方法是道德激励实现的中介环节,这里包括有外在性的内容和内在性的内容。从外在性的角度来探讨,道德激励的内容应包括有：道德榜样激励和荣誉激励；从内在性的角度来讨论,道德激励的内容应包括有：责任激励、价值激励等。这就是透过激励对象由向外追求渐次提高道德能力水平及境界而转向内在精神价值的提升逻辑。道德激励的主要方法有：目标激励法、竞争激励法和奖惩激励法等。 道德激励的过程和途径主要是根据人的行为心理过程来进行设计,从道德需要出发,结合激励所追求的目标来构建道德激励运行过程。首先,建构有利于道德激励的环境氛围。其次,弘扬道德理性,激发道德需要。再次,满足道德需要,激发道德情感。最后,回归现实生活,激发道德行动。道德激励途径有家庭主导型、学校主导型、社会主导型以及自我主导型道德激励,有机地将道德激励的各个要素结合在一起,实现道德激励阶段性和过程性的衔接,形成完整的道德激励体系。 道德激励最终的落脚点在于促进激励对象的全面发展,通过道德激励助益于人和社会的良性互动,既推动社会迈向理想境地,又促进人走向理想人格,从而实现道德激励的价值追求——理想的道德人格和道德理想的社会。
[Abstract]:Moral encouragement is to stimulate , encourage and arouse people ' s participation in moral activities , promote the moral realm and perfect personality . The research of moral encouragement is of great significance and practical value to improve the enthusiasm of people to engage in moral activities ( and moral activities ) , promote the development of socialist moral construction and improve the effectiveness of ideological and moral construction ( education ) .
In this process , moral encouragement is a kind of motivation to motivate the people . The moral encouragement is to promote the motivation of the people in the field of administration . The moral encouragement is the pursuit of the moral character of the people . The moral encouragement is the unity of the pursuit of the moral realm and the objective world . The moral encouragement is the pursuit of the moral character and the pursuit of the ideal personality .
Moral encouragement has three functions : Firstly , moral encouragement plays an accelerating function for the formation and development of moral rationality ;
Secondly , moral encouragement plays a bridge function between moral cognition and moral behavior ;
Thirdly , moral motivation is the exciting function of moral behavior .
The premise and basis of the theory of moral encouragement in Chinese characteristics is that people ( or people ) , who are real and active , are guided by the historical materialism of Marxism . The theoretical basis and motivation of moral encouragement are the premise of moral encouragement . Only one has moral needs , and then it may be a moral person to do something that is beneficial to others and society . The motive force of moral encouragement includes moral evaluation , moral ideal , shame feeling mechanism and moral conscience .
The content and method of moral encouragement is the intermediate link of moral encouragement realization , which includes the content of externalism and the content of internality . From the perspective of external nature , the content of moral encouragement should include : moral example motivation and honor motivation ;
From the inner perspective , the content of moral encouragement should include : responsibility motivation , value motivation , etc . This is the promotion of the intrinsic spiritual value through the pursuit of gradual improvement of moral ability level and state . This is the main method of moral encouragement : the goal motivation method , the competition encouragement method and the rewards and punishment excitation method , etc .
The process and the way of moral encouragement are mainly based on the human behavior psychology process , from the moral need to construct the process of moral encouragement and operation . First , to construct the environment atmosphere conducive to moral encouragement . Secondly , to carry forward the moral rationality and stimulate the moral needs . Finally , we should return to the real life and stimulate the moral action . Finally , we should return to the real life and stimulate the moral action . Finally , we should combine the elements of moral encouragement together to realize the cohesion of moral encouragement and process , and form a complete moral encouragement system .
The ultimate goal of moral encouragement lies in the promotion of the comprehensive development of the incentive objects , the benign interaction between the human and the society through moral encouragement , not only to promote the social progress to the ideal situation , but also to promote the people to the ideal personality , thus realizing the value of moral encouragement and the ideal moral personality and moral ideal society .
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D648
本文编号：2139140
[Abstract]:Moral encouragement is to stimulate , encourage and arouse people ' s participation in moral activities , promote the moral realm and perfect personality . The research of moral encouragement is of great significance and practical value to improve the enthusiasm of people to engage in moral activities ( and moral activities ) , promote the development of socialist moral construction and improve the effectiveness of ideological and moral construction ( education ) .
In this process , moral encouragement is a kind of motivation to motivate the people . The moral encouragement is to promote the motivation of the people in the field of administration . The moral encouragement is the pursuit of the moral character of the people . The moral encouragement is the unity of the pursuit of the moral realm and the objective world . The moral encouragement is the pursuit of the moral character and the pursuit of the ideal personality .
Moral encouragement has three functions : Firstly , moral encouragement plays an accelerating function for the formation and development of moral rationality ;
Secondly , moral encouragement plays a bridge function between moral cognition and moral behavior ;
Thirdly , moral motivation is the exciting function of moral behavior .
The premise and basis of the theory of moral encouragement in Chinese characteristics is that people ( or people ) , who are real and active , are guided by the historical materialism of Marxism . The theoretical basis and motivation of moral encouragement are the premise of moral encouragement . Only one has moral needs , and then it may be a moral person to do something that is beneficial to others and society . The motive force of moral encouragement includes moral evaluation , moral ideal , shame feeling mechanism and moral conscience .
The content and method of moral encouragement is the intermediate link of moral encouragement realization , which includes the content of externalism and the content of internality . From the perspective of external nature , the content of moral encouragement should include : moral example motivation and honor motivation ;
From the inner perspective , the content of moral encouragement should include : responsibility motivation , value motivation , etc . This is the promotion of the intrinsic spiritual value through the pursuit of gradual improvement of moral ability level and state . This is the main method of moral encouragement : the goal motivation method , the competition encouragement method and the rewards and punishment excitation method , etc .
The process and the way of moral encouragement are mainly based on the human behavior psychology process , from the moral need to construct the process of moral encouragement and operation . First , to construct the environment atmosphere conducive to moral encouragement . Secondly , to carry forward the moral rationality and stimulate the moral needs . Finally , we should return to the real life and stimulate the moral action . Finally , we should return to the real life and stimulate the moral action . Finally , we should combine the elements of moral encouragement together to realize the cohesion of moral encouragement and process , and form a complete moral encouragement system .
The ultimate goal of moral encouragement lies in the promotion of the comprehensive development of the incentive objects , the benign interaction between the human and the society through moral encouragement , not only to promote the social progress to the ideal situation , but also to promote the people to the ideal personality , thus realizing the value of moral encouragement and the ideal moral personality and moral ideal society .
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D648
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