日本战争道歉发言中道歉言语行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 15:49

本文选题：战争道歉 + 道歉言语行为　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2015年8月14日,日本内阁总理大臣安倍晋三,根据内阁会议决定发表了战后70年谈话。谈话发表以后,立即引起了轩然大波。日方主流意见对该谈话表示赞同,而中韩两国则表达了不满和抗议。本文认为,安倍谈话以及日本官方此前多次发布的与二战有关的发言,均含有“反省自身责任、向受害方表达歉意、试图修复双方关系”的内容,可以看作是“道歉言语行为”,但因每次发言的具体内容不同,故其产生的效果也大相庭径。为此,本文分别从日本外务省、首相官邸、维基百科等网站中收集了日本官方发表的40 次道歉发言,参照 Blum-Kulkaetal.(1989)和 Spencer-Oatey(2000)对“道歉言语行为”的研究方法,将其具体内容的构成要素分为“核心行为”和“辅助行为”进行探讨,并考察其中的“强化表达”和“弱化表达”的使用情况。在此基础上,根据Brown and Levinson(1987)的礼貌理论来阐述了中韩为什么会对日本的战争相关的道歉言语行为表示不满。本文通过分析考察,得到如下结果。(1)关于道歉的“核心行为”,日本使用了“情感表达型”的道歉表达方式,但一次也没有使用道歉施为用意最强、最直接的“行事型”道歉表达方式。此外,也有道歉发言不使用道歉“核心行为”。(2)关于道歉的“辅助行为”,日本使用了“承担责任”、“展望未来”、“承诺不再犯”等对道歉施为用意起加强效果的“辅助行为”,但因为使用了“说明或者理由”这一“辅助行为”,对整体的道歉效果有削弱的负面作用。(3)“强化表达”中的强化语和敬语的使用,对道歉“核心行为”和“辅助行为”的施为用意都起到了强化作用,而“过去式道歉”和“对战后日本的自夸”、以及“道歉已经足够”等“弱化表达”的内容,都明显的降低了施为用意。(4)从礼貌理论的角度来看,回避使用道歉“核心行为”或保守使用道歉“核心行为”,以及使用“说明或者理由”和“弱化表达”都是日本试图在道歉的同时想要维护本国“面子”所采取的策略。但这种策略伤害了中韩等受害国的“面子”,因此,日本的道歉招致中国和韩国的不满。
[Abstract]:On August 14, 2015, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe issued a 70-year post-war speech in accordance with a cabinet meeting decision. Immediately after the announcement of the conversation, it caused a great uproar. Mainstream Japanese views agreed with the statement, while China and South Korea expressed dissatisfaction and protest. This article holds that Abe's talk and the Japanese government's previous speeches related to World War II contain the content of "reflecting on one's own responsibility, expressing apologies to the injured party, and attempting to repair the relationship between the two sides." It can be regarded as "speech act of apology", but because the specific content of each speech is different, its effect is very different. Therefore, this paper collects 40 apology speeches published by Japanese authorities from the websites of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Prime Minister's residence, Wikipedia, etc., referring to Blum-Kulkaetal.N1989) and Spencer-Oateyy 2000), the research methods of "speech act of apology" are obtained. The elements of its concrete content are divided into "core behavior" and "auxiliary behavior", and the use of "strengthened expression" and "weakening expression" are investigated. Based on the politeness theory of Brown and Levinsonian (1987), this paper expounds why China and South Korea are dissatisfied with Japan's war related apology. Through the analysis and investigation, we get the following results. 1) about the "core behavior" of apology, Japan has used the expression of "emotional expression", but has never used apology as the strongest intention. The most direct expression of "acting" apology. In addition, there is also an apology statement that does not use the apology "core act". (2) with regard to the "supplementary act" of apology, Japan has used "assume responsibility" and "look to the future". An "auxiliary act", such as "promise not to commit", intended to reinforce the effect of an apology, but because of the use of the "statement or reason" as a "subsidiary act," The use of the reinforcement and honorific words in the "reinforcement expression" has strengthened the meaning of both the "core behavior" and the "auxiliary behavior" of the apology. However, "past tense apology" and "boasting about postwar Japan", as well as "apology is enough" and other "weakened expressions", have obviously reduced the meaning of Shi's intention. (from the point of view of politeness theory, Avoiding the use of apology "core behavior" or conservatively using apology "core behavior", as well as using "explanation or reason" and "weakening expression" are all strategies that Japan is trying to take while apologizing to preserve its "face". But such tactics hurt the face of victims such as China and South Korea, so Japan's apology drew displeasure from China and South Korea.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36

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