日语动词与“相”的关联性

发布时间：2018-07-28 06:38

【摘要】： “ている”的意义和用法至今已经被研究了很多。其最基本的意义和用法是表示进行相和结果相。其他的意义和用法,比如反复相、状态相、完成相等都是由这两者派生而来的。通常,我们在判断“ている”的“相”时总是从前面的动词着手。当“ている”前的动词以被动形式出现时,我们能够观察到句子主动与被动的对立引起了进行相与结果相的对立。具体来说,“被动-ている”的“相”可以与原先“主动-ている”的“相”一致,也可以相反。那么出现这样现象的原因是什么?动词虽然以被动形式出现,但是其原有的语义特征应该并没有变化。所以这些现象显然无法仅通过日语动词分类得到充分解释,甚至还可能出现矛盾的情况。因此,笔者就这一语言现象,以日语语料库的素材为依据进行考察,探求影响「被动-ている」“相”的因素及与传统日语动词分类的联系。为了缩小考察范围,笔者将考察对象限定于日语有对动词的“自动词(主动)-ている”与“他动词(被动)-ている”,将这两者进行比较,尤其是在表达同一“相”时,通过从语料库的检索得到的实例观察两者在实际使用中的“选择关系”。具体而言,分别从“事态性质的视点”出发,和“主观性有无的视点”出发,对比分析“自动词(主动)-ている”与“他动词(被动)-ている”的实际使用情况。最后,本文通过观察语料库中的实例揭示了实际使用中对“被动-ている”的“相”产生影响的若干要素。(分别为:界限达成性、动作作用性、动作主的有无、动词的持续时间,以及副词的影响。)
[Abstract]:The meaning and usage of "Hou Li" have been studied a lot. Its most basic meaning and usage is to express the phase of the process and the phase of the result. Other meanings and usages, such as repetition, state, and complete equality, are derived from both. Usually, we always start with the verb in front of us when we judge the phase. When the verb in front of the sentence appears in a passive form, we can observe that the active and passive opposition of the sentence leads to the opposition between the carrying phase and the result. Specifically, the "phase" of "passive" can be consistent with that of "active", or vice versa. So what's the reason for this? Although verbs appear in passive form, their original semantic features should not change. So it is obvious that these phenomena can not be fully explained by Japanese verb classification, and even contradictions may occur. Therefore, on the basis of the material of the Japanese corpus, the author investigates the language phenomenon and explores the factors that influence the "passive-intonation" and its relationship with the traditional Japanese verb classification. In order to narrow the scope of investigation, the author limits the object of investigation to "automatic word" (active) and "other verb" (passive) and "other verb" in Japanese, and compares them, especially when expressing the same "phase". An example from corpus-based retrieval is used to observe the "selection relationship" between the two in practical use. In particular, starting from the viewpoint of "state of affairs" and "whether there is subjectivity or not", this paper contrasts and analyzes the actual use of "automatic words" and "other verbs" (passive) and "other verbs". Finally, by observing the examples in the corpus, this paper reveals some factors that influence the "phase" of "passive" in practical use. They are: boundary achievement, action, the presence or absence of action subject, the duration of verbs, and the influence of adverbs.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H36

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